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宇宙学的物理基础：Physical Foundations of Cosmology

宇宙学的物理基础：Physical Foundations of Cosmology

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作者: [德] 马克翰维著

出版社: 世界图书出版公司

出版时间: 2009-01

版次: 1

ISBN: 9787506292740

定价: 69.00

装帧: 平装

开本: 16开

纸张: 胶版纸

页数: 421页

正文语种: 简体中文，英语

分类: 自然科学

1 张插图图片

64人买过

　　Thisbookismeanttobeneitherencyclopedicnorasourcebookforthemostrecentobservationaldata.Infact,Iavoidaltogetherthepresentationofdata;afterallthedatachangeveryquicklyandareeasilyaccessiblefromnumerousavailablemonographsaswellasontheIntemet.Furthermore,Ihaveintentionallyrestrictedthediscussioninthisbooktoresultsthathaveasolidbasis.Ibelieveitisprematuretopresentdetailedmathematicalconsiderationofcontroversialtopicsinabookonthefoundationsofcosmologyand,therefore,suchtopicsarecoveredonlyataveryelementarylevel. ForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
lForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
1．3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex
3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex
内容简介:
　　Thisbookismeanttobeneitherencyclopedicnorasourcebookforthemostrecentobservationaldata.Infact,Iavoidaltogetherthepresentationofdata;afterallthedatachangeveryquicklyandareeasilyaccessiblefromnumerousavailablemonographsaswellasontheIntemet.Furthermore,Ihaveintentionallyrestrictedthediscussioninthisbooktoresultsthathaveasolidbasis.Ibelieveitisprematuretopresentdetailedmathematicalconsiderationofcontroversialtopicsinabookonthefoundationsofcosmologyand,therefore,suchtopicsarecoveredonlyataveryelementarylevel.
目录:
ForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
lForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
1．3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex
3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex

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