Asking the Right Questions:A Guide to Critical Thinking with NEW MyCompLab -- Access Card Package

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出版社: Longman
2012-08
ISBN: 9780321881687
装帧: 其他
开本: 其他
纸张: 其他
  • Used in a variety of courses in various disciplines, Asking the Right Questions helps bridge the gap between simply memorizing or blindly accepting information, and the greater challenge of critical analysis and synthesis.  Specifically, this concise text Preface
    Key ongoing features of Asking the Right Questions
    The special features of this new edition

    Chapter 1: The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Questions
    The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative Thinking Styles
    Tan Example of the Panning for Gold Approach
    The Myth of the “Right Answer”
    The Usefulness of Asking the Question: “Who Cares?”
    Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking
    The Satisfaction of Panning for Gold
    The Importance of Practice
    The Right Questions
    Critical Thinking is a Social Activity
    Values and Other People
    The Primary Values of a Critical Thinker
    Thinking and Feeling
    Keeping the Conversation Going
    Creating a Friendly Environment for Communication
    Wishful Thinking: Perhaps the Biggest Single Obstacle to Critical Thinking

    Chapter 2: What are the Issue and the Conclusion?
    Kinds of Issues
    Searching for the Issue
    Searching for the Author’s or Speaker’s Conclusion
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion
    Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Narrowing Your Issue Prior to Writing
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 3: What Are the Reasons?
    Initiating the Questioning Process
    Words that Identify Reasons
    Kinds of Reasons
    Keeping the Reasons and Conclusions Straight
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 4: What Words or Phrases Are Ambiguous?
    The Confusing Flexibility of Words
    Locating Key Terms and Phrases
    Checking for Ambiguity
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Determining Ambiguity
    Context and Ambiguity
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Ambiguity, Definitions, and the Dictionary
    Ambiguity and Loaded Language
    Limits of Your Responsibility to Clarify Ambiguity
    Ambiguity and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 5: What Are the Value and Descriptive Assumptions?
    General Guide for Identifying Assumptions
    Value Conflicts and Assumptions
    From Values to Value Assumptions
    Typical Value Conflicts
    The Communicator’s Background as a Clue to Value Assumptions
    Consequences as Clues to Value Assumptions
    More Hints for Finding Value Assumptions
    Finding Value Assumptions on Your Own
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Values and Relativism
    Identifying and Evaluating Descriptive Assumptions
    Illustrating Descriptive Assumptions
    Clues for Locating Assumptions
    Avoiding Analysis of Trivial Assumptions
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 6: Are There Any Fallacies in the Reasoning?
    A Questioning Approach to Finding Reasoning Fallacies
    Evaluating Assumptions as a Starting Point
    Discovering Other Common Reasoning Fallacies
    Looking for Diversions
    Sleight of Hand: Begging the Question
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Summary of Reasoning Errors
    Expanding Your Knowledge of Fallacies
    Fallacies and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 7: How Good Is the Evidence: Intuition, Personal Experience, Case Examples, Testimonials, and Appeals to Authority?
    The Need for Evidence
    Locating Factual Claims
    Sources of Evidence
    Intuition as Evidence
    Personal Experience as Evidence
    Case Examples as Evidence
    Testimonials as Evidence
    Appeals to Authority as Evidence
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    EVIDENCE AND YOUR WRITING AND SPEAKING
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 8: How Good Is the Evidence: Personal Observation, Research Studies, and Analogies?
    Personal Observation
    Research Studies as Evidence
    Problems with Research Findings
    Generalizing from the Research Sample
    Biased Surveys and Questionnaires
    Critical Evaluation of a Research-Based Argument
    Analogies as Evidence
    Identifying and Comprehending Analogies
    Evaluating Analogies
    USING EVIDENCE IN YOUR OWN WRITING
    Research and the Internet
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 9: Are There Rival Causes?
    When to Look For Rival Causes
    The Pervasiveness of Rival Causes
    Detecting Rival Causes
    The Cause or a Cause
    Rival Causes for Differences Between Groups
    Confusing Causation with Association
    Confusing “After this” with “Because of this”
    Explaining Individual Events or Acts
    Evaluating Rival Causes
    RIVAL CAUSES AND YOUR OWN COMMUNICATIoN
    Exploring Potential Causes
    Narrowing Down Your List of Potential Causes
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 10: Are the Statistics Deceptive?
    Unknowable and Biased Statistics
    Confusing Averages
    Concluding One Thing, Proving Another
    Deceiving by Omitting Information
    Risk Statistics and Omitted Information
    USING STATISTICS IN YOUR WRITING
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 11: What Significant Information is Omitted?
    The Benefits of Detecting Omitted Information
    The Certainty of Incomplete Reasoning
    Questions that Identify Omitted Information
    The Importance of the Negative View
    Omitted Information That Reminas Missing
    MISSING INFORMATION IN YOUR OWN ARGUMENTS
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 12: What Reasonable Conclusions Are Possible?
    Assumptions and Multiple Conclusions
    Dichotomous Thinking: Impediment to Considering Multiple Conclusions
    Two Sides or Many?
    Searching for Multiple Conclusions
    Productivity of If-Clauses
    Alternative Solutions as Conclusions
    The Liberating Effect of Recognizing Alternative Conclusions
    All Conclusions Are Not Created Equal
    Summary
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Respones

    Final Word
  • 内容简介:
    Used in a variety of courses in various disciplines, Asking the Right Questions helps bridge the gap between simply memorizing or blindly accepting information, and the greater challenge of critical analysis and synthesis.  Specifically, this concise text
  • 目录:
    Preface
    Key ongoing features of Asking the Right Questions
    The special features of this new edition

    Chapter 1: The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Questions
    The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative Thinking Styles
    Tan Example of the Panning for Gold Approach
    The Myth of the “Right Answer”
    The Usefulness of Asking the Question: “Who Cares?”
    Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking
    The Satisfaction of Panning for Gold
    The Importance of Practice
    The Right Questions
    Critical Thinking is a Social Activity
    Values and Other People
    The Primary Values of a Critical Thinker
    Thinking and Feeling
    Keeping the Conversation Going
    Creating a Friendly Environment for Communication
    Wishful Thinking: Perhaps the Biggest Single Obstacle to Critical Thinking

    Chapter 2: What are the Issue and the Conclusion?
    Kinds of Issues
    Searching for the Issue
    Searching for the Author’s or Speaker’s Conclusion
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion
    Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Narrowing Your Issue Prior to Writing
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 3: What Are the Reasons?
    Initiating the Questioning Process
    Words that Identify Reasons
    Kinds of Reasons
    Keeping the Reasons and Conclusions Straight
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 4: What Words or Phrases Are Ambiguous?
    The Confusing Flexibility of Words
    Locating Key Terms and Phrases
    Checking for Ambiguity
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Determining Ambiguity
    Context and Ambiguity
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Ambiguity, Definitions, and the Dictionary
    Ambiguity and Loaded Language
    Limits of Your Responsibility to Clarify Ambiguity
    Ambiguity and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 5: What Are the Value and Descriptive Assumptions?
    General Guide for Identifying Assumptions
    Value Conflicts and Assumptions
    From Values to Value Assumptions
    Typical Value Conflicts
    The Communicator’s Background as a Clue to Value Assumptions
    Consequences as Clues to Value Assumptions
    More Hints for Finding Value Assumptions
    Finding Value Assumptions on Your Own
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Values and Relativism
    Identifying and Evaluating Descriptive Assumptions
    Illustrating Descriptive Assumptions
    Clues for Locating Assumptions
    Avoiding Analysis of Trivial Assumptions
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 6: Are There Any Fallacies in the Reasoning?
    A Questioning Approach to Finding Reasoning Fallacies
    Evaluating Assumptions as a Starting Point
    Discovering Other Common Reasoning Fallacies
    Looking for Diversions
    Sleight of Hand: Begging the Question
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Summary of Reasoning Errors
    Expanding Your Knowledge of Fallacies
    Fallacies and Your Own Writing and Speaking
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 7: How Good Is the Evidence: Intuition, Personal Experience, Case Examples, Testimonials, and Appeals to Authority?
    The Need for Evidence
    Locating Factual Claims
    Sources of Evidence
    Intuition as Evidence
    Personal Experience as Evidence
    Case Examples as Evidence
    Testimonials as Evidence
    Appeals to Authority as Evidence
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    EVIDENCE AND YOUR WRITING AND SPEAKING
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 8: How Good Is the Evidence: Personal Observation, Research Studies, and Analogies?
    Personal Observation
    Research Studies as Evidence
    Problems with Research Findings
    Generalizing from the Research Sample
    Biased Surveys and Questionnaires
    Critical Evaluation of a Research-Based Argument
    Analogies as Evidence
    Identifying and Comprehending Analogies
    Evaluating Analogies
    USING EVIDENCE IN YOUR OWN WRITING
    Research and the Internet
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 9: Are There Rival Causes?
    When to Look For Rival Causes
    The Pervasiveness of Rival Causes
    Detecting Rival Causes
    The Cause or a Cause
    Rival Causes for Differences Between Groups
    Confusing Causation with Association
    Confusing “After this” with “Because of this”
    Explaining Individual Events or Acts
    Evaluating Rival Causes
    RIVAL CAUSES AND YOUR OWN COMMUNICATIoN
    Exploring Potential Causes
    Narrowing Down Your List of Potential Causes
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 10: Are the Statistics Deceptive?
    Unknowable and Biased Statistics
    Confusing Averages
    Concluding One Thing, Proving Another
    Deceiving by Omitting Information
    Risk Statistics and Omitted Information
    USING STATISTICS IN YOUR WRITING
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 11: What Significant Information is Omitted?
    The Benefits of Detecting Omitted Information
    The Certainty of Incomplete Reasoning
    Questions that Identify Omitted Information
    The Importance of the Negative View
    Omitted Information That Reminas Missing
    MISSING INFORMATION IN YOUR OWN ARGUMENTS
    USING THIS CRITICAL QUESTION
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Responses

    Chapter 12: What Reasonable Conclusions Are Possible?
    Assumptions and Multiple Conclusions
    Dichotomous Thinking: Impediment to Considering Multiple Conclusions
    Two Sides or Many?
    Searching for Multiple Conclusions
    Productivity of If-Clauses
    Alternative Solutions as Conclusions
    The Liberating Effect of Recognizing Alternative Conclusions
    All Conclusions Are Not Created Equal
    Summary
    Practice Exercises
    Sample Respones

    Final Word
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