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Professional Judgment:A Reader in Clinical Decision Making

Professional Judgment:A Reader in Clinical Decision Making

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作者: Jack Dowie 编 , Arthur Elstein 编

出版社: Cambridge University Press

出版时间: 1988-01

ISBN: 9780521346962

定价: 512.60

装帧: 平装

纸张: 胶版纸

页数: 584页

正文语种: 英语

分类: 外文古旧书>英文书>经济

Recent debate in both Europe and North America has focussed on how clinicians make judgments and decisions, how these may be evaluated and how they could be improved. This volume provides students, teachers and practitioners with a comprehensive introduction to the main descriptive and prescriptive approaches to judgment and decision making in clinical medicine. The contributors, who include psychologists, economists, decision theorists, statisticians, lawyers and sociologists, as well as medical specialists, provide examples of recent empirical research and its applications, as well as outlining the relevant concepts and theories. Policy-capturing models, data-based aids, expert ('knowledg-based') systems and decision analysis are the main techniques introduced, with attention to both their methodological bases and practical evaluation. Also included in the collection are a series of papers which consider the economic, ethical and legal contexts of clinical activity and the education and wider socialization of clinicians. Issues surrounding the 'cost-effective' use of resources, the obtaining of 'informed consent' from patients and ethical behaviour under uncertainty are highlighted.
Editors' preface
Introduction
Part I. The Art and Science of Uncertainty:

1. variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty D. M. Eddy
2. From technical rationality to reflection-in-action D. A. Schön
3. Clinical intuition and clinical analysis: expertise and the cognitive continuum R. M. Hamm
Part II. Modelling the Clinician and the Clinical Task:

4. Psychology of clinical reasoning A. S. Elstein and G. Bordage
5. How physicians use clinical information in diagnosing pulmonary embolism: an application of conjoint analysis R. S. Wigton, V. L. Hoellerich and K. D. Patil
6. You can't systematize human judgment: dyslexia R. M. Dawes
7. Factors influencing the use of a decision rule in a probabilistic task H. R. Arkes, R. M. Dawes and C. Christensen
8. Accepting error to make less error H. J. Einhorn
9. Computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain: the British experience F. T. de Dombal
10. The art of diagnosis: solving the clinicopathological exercise D. M. Eddy and C. H. Clanton
11. Toward a theory of clinical expertise J. P. Kassirer, B. J. Kuipers and G. A. Gorry
12. Formal and knowledge-based methods in decision technology J. Fox
Part III. The Decision Analytic Approach to Clinical Decisions:

13. Clinical decisionmaking P. Doubilet and B. J. McNeil
14. Recurrent deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy: analysis of the risks and benefits of anticoagulation K. Klein and S. G. Pauker
15. Comparison of physicians' decisions regarding estrogen replacement therapy for menopausal women and decisions derived from a decision analytic model A. S. Elstein, G. B. Holzman, M. M. Ravitch et al
16. Hypothesis evaluation from a Bayesian perspective B. Fischhoff and R. Beyth-Marom
17. Differential diagnosis and the competing-hypotheses heuristic: a practical approach to judgment under uncertainty and Bayesian probability F. M. Wolf, L. D. Gruppen and J. E. Billi
18. Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting J. J. J. Christensen-Szalanski and J. B. Bushyhead
19. Hindsight bias among physicians weighing the likelihood of diagnoses H. R. Arkes, P. D. Saville, R. L. Wortmann et al
20. How decisions are reached: physician and patient S. A. Eraker and P. Politser
21. The measurement of patients' values in medicine H. Llewellyn-Thomas, H. J. Sutherland, R. Tibshirani et al
22. Clinical decision analysis B. Fischhoff
Part IV. The Contexts of Clinical Decisions:

23. Rationing hospital care: lessons from Britain W. B. Schwartz and H. J. Aaron
24. resource allocation decisions inhealth care: a role for quality of life assessments? M. F. Drummond
25. Economic evaluation of neonatal intensive care of very-low-birth-weight infants M. H. Boyle, G. W. Torrance, J. C. Sinclair and S. P. Horwood
26. An analytic approach to resolving problems in medical ethics D. Candee and B. Puka
Commentary C. Fletcher
27. Ethics and resource allocation: an economist's view A. McGuire
28. Informed consent: court viewpoints and medical decision making D. J. Mazur
29. Forgive and remember: managing medical failure C. L. Bosk
30. Why doctors don't disclose uncertainty J. Katz.
内容简介:
Recent debate in both Europe and North America has focussed on how clinicians make judgments and decisions, how these may be evaluated and how they could be improved. This volume provides students, teachers and practitioners with a comprehensive introduction to the main descriptive and prescriptive approaches to judgment and decision making in clinical medicine. The contributors, who include psychologists, economists, decision theorists, statisticians, lawyers and sociologists, as well as medical specialists, provide examples of recent empirical research and its applications, as well as outlining the relevant concepts and theories. Policy-capturing models, data-based aids, expert ('knowledg-based') systems and decision analysis are the main techniques introduced, with attention to both their methodological bases and practical evaluation. Also included in the collection are a series of papers which consider the economic, ethical and legal contexts of clinical activity and the education and wider socialization of clinicians. Issues surrounding the 'cost-effective' use of resources, the obtaining of 'informed consent' from patients and ethical behaviour under uncertainty are highlighted.
目录:

Editors' preface
Introduction
Part I. The Art and Science of Uncertainty:

1. variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty D. M. Eddy
2. From technical rationality to reflection-in-action D. A. Schön
3. Clinical intuition and clinical analysis: expertise and the cognitive continuum R. M. Hamm
Part II. Modelling the Clinician and the Clinical Task:

4. Psychology of clinical reasoning A. S. Elstein and G. Bordage
5. How physicians use clinical information in diagnosing pulmonary embolism: an application of conjoint analysis R. S. Wigton, V. L. Hoellerich and K. D. Patil
6. You can't systematize human judgment: dyslexia R. M. Dawes
7. Factors influencing the use of a decision rule in a probabilistic task H. R. Arkes, R. M. Dawes and C. Christensen
8. Accepting error to make less error H. J. Einhorn
9. Computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain: the British experience F. T. de Dombal
10. The art of diagnosis: solving the clinicopathological exercise D. M. Eddy and C. H. Clanton
11. Toward a theory of clinical expertise J. P. Kassirer, B. J. Kuipers and G. A. Gorry
12. Formal and knowledge-based methods in decision technology J. Fox
Part III. The Decision Analytic Approach to Clinical Decisions:

13. Clinical decisionmaking P. Doubilet and B. J. McNeil
14. Recurrent deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy: analysis of the risks and benefits of anticoagulation K. Klein and S. G. Pauker
15. Comparison of physicians' decisions regarding estrogen replacement therapy for menopausal women and decisions derived from a decision analytic model A. S. Elstein, G. B. Holzman, M. M. Ravitch et al
16. Hypothesis evaluation from a Bayesian perspective B. Fischhoff and R. Beyth-Marom
17. Differential diagnosis and the competing-hypotheses heuristic: a practical approach to judgment under uncertainty and Bayesian probability F. M. Wolf, L. D. Gruppen and J. E. Billi
18. Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting J. J. J. Christensen-Szalanski and J. B. Bushyhead
19. Hindsight bias among physicians weighing the likelihood of diagnoses H. R. Arkes, P. D. Saville, R. L. Wortmann et al
20. How decisions are reached: physician and patient S. A. Eraker and P. Politser
21. The measurement of patients' values in medicine H. Llewellyn-Thomas, H. J. Sutherland, R. Tibshirani et al
22. Clinical decision analysis B. Fischhoff
Part IV. The Contexts of Clinical Decisions:

23. Rationing hospital care: lessons from Britain W. B. Schwartz and H. J. Aaron
24. resource allocation decisions inhealth care: a role for quality of life assessments? M. F. Drummond
25. Economic evaluation of neonatal intensive care of very-low-birth-weight infants M. H. Boyle, G. W. Torrance, J. C. Sinclair and S. P. Horwood
26. An analytic approach to resolving problems in medical ethics D. Candee and B. Puka
Commentary C. Fletcher
27. Ethics and resource allocation: an economist's view A. McGuire
28. Informed consent: court viewpoints and medical decision making D. J. Mazur
29. Forgive and remember: managing medical failure C. L. Bosk
30. Why doctors don't disclose uncertainty J. Katz.

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