泡利物理学讲义：相对论

作者: [美] 沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang Pauli）

出版社: 世界图书出版公司

出版时间: 2020-05

版次: 1

ISBN: 9787519267759

定价: 55.00

装帧: 其他

开本: 24开

纸张: 胶版纸

页数: 256页

分类: 自然科学

1 张插图图片

19人买过

此书是世界图书出版公司出版的9卷本“泡利物理学讲义”中的第7卷，主题为相对论。沃尔夫冈·泡利是20世纪卓越的理论物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主，他在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。泡利去世后，他晚年的助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑修订了他生前在苏黎世联邦理工学院的授课讲义的英文版，分6卷，分别为《电动力学》《光学和电子论》《热力学和气体分子运动论》《统计力学》《波动力学》和《场量子化选讲》，英文版由The MIT Press出版。泡利年轻的时候还写过两篇重要的长达数百页的综述长文《相对论》和《量子力学的普遍原理》，直至今日仍是相对论与量子力学领域重要的经典文献。1921年，泡利为德国的《数学科学百科全书》撰写了关于相对论的长篇综述文章，爱因斯坦阅读后评价道：“任何该领域的专家都不会相信，该文出自一个年仅21岁的青年人之手，作者在文中显示出来的对这个领域的理解力、熟练的数学推导能力、对物理深刻的洞察力、使问题明晰的能力、系统的表述、对语言的把握、对该问题的完整处理及对其评价，使任何一个人都会感到羡慕。”1933年，泡利又为德国的《物理百科全书》撰写了关于量子力学的长篇综述文章，很快也成为经典。这两篇综述长文后来都以单行本的方式独立出版。在泡利生命的*后一年，他又对两书进行了全面修订，英文版分别由Pergamon Press和Springer-Verlag再次出版。我们将这两本书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第7卷和第8卷一起出版。1994年，Springer-Verlag又出版了同样由泡利晚年助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑的《泡利物理哲学文集》，此书包含了泡利撰写的关于空间、时间与因果性、对称、泡利不相容原理和中微子等的21篇重在阐述科学思想与哲学的文章和演讲稿。我们将此书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第9卷。这套“泡利物理学讲义”对高等院校的学生与研究人员深刻理解物理原理会有极大的帮助。沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang E. Pauli），美籍奥地利科学家、物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。1900年4月25日生于奥地利维也纳，毕业于慕尼黑大学，1958年12月15日，在瑞士苏黎世逝世，享年58岁。泡利在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。 Preface by W. Pauli

Preface by A. Sommerfeld

Bibliography

Part 1. The Foundations of the Special Theory of Relativity

Historical Background (Lorentz, Poincaré, Einstein)

The Postulate of Relativity

The Postulate of the Constancy of the Velocity of Light. Ritz's and Related Theories

The Relativity of Simultaneity. Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation from the Two Postulates. Axiomatic Nature of the Lorentz Transformation

Lorentz Contraction and Time Dilatation

Einstein's Addition Theorem for Velocities and Its Application to Aberration and the Drag Coefficient. The Doppler Effect

Part 2. Mathematical Tools

The Four-Dimensional Space-Time World (Minkowski)

More General Transformation Groups

Tensor Calculus for Affine Transformations

Geometrical Meaning of the Contravariant and Covariant Components of a Vector

"Surface" and "Volume" Tensors. Four-Dimensional Volumes

Dual Tensors

Transition to Riemannian Geometry

Parallel Displacement of a Vector

Geodesic Lines

Space Curvature

Riemannian Coordinates and Their Applications

The Special Cases of Euclidean Geometry and of Constant Curvature

The Integral Theorems of Gauss and Stokes in a Four-Dimensional Riemannian Manifold

Derivation of Invariant Differential Operations, Using Geodesic Components

Affine Tensors and Free Vectors

Reality Relations

Infinitesimal Coordinate Transformations and Variational Theorems

Part 3. Special Theory of Relativity. Further Elaborations

Kinematics

Four-Dimensional Representation of the Lorentz Transformation

The Addition Theorem for Velocities

Transformation Law for Acceleration. Hyperbolic Motion

Electrodynamics

Conservation of Charge. Four-Current Density

Covariance of the Basic Equations of Electron Theory

Ponderomotive Forces. Dynamics of the Electron

Momentum and Energy of the Electromagnetic Field. Differential and Integral Forms of the Conservation Laws

The Invariant Action Principle of Electrodynamics

Applications to Special Cases

Minkowski's Phenomenological Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

Electron-Theoretical Derivations

Energy-Momentum Tensor and Ponderomotive Force in Phenomenological Electrodynamics. Joule Heat

Applications of the Theory

Mechanics and General Dynamics

Equation of Motion. Momentum and Kinetic Energy

Relativistic Mechanics on a Basis Independent of Electrodynamics

Hamilton's Principle in Relativistic Mechanics

Generalized Coordinates. Canonical Form of the Equations of Motion

The Inertia of Energy

General Dynamics

Transformation of Energy and Momentum of a System in the Presence of External Forces

Applications to Special Cases. Trouton and Noble's Experiments

Hydrodynamics and Theory of Elasticity

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Behaviour of the Thermodynamical Quantities Under a Lorentz Transformation

The Principle of Least Action

The Application of Relativity to Statistical Mechanics

Special Cases

Part 4. General Theory of Relativity

Historical Review, Up to Einstein's Paper of 1916

General Formulation of the Principle of Equivalence. Connection Between Gravitation and Metric

The Postulate of the General Covariance of the Physical Laws

Simple Deductions from the Principle of Equivalence

Influence of the Gravitational Field on Material Phenomena

The Action Principles for Material Processes in the Presence of Gravitational Fields

The Field Equations of Gravitation

Derivation of the Gravitational Equations from a Variational Principle

Comparison with Experiment

Other Special, Rigorous, Solutions for the Statical Case

Einstein's General Approximative Solution and Its Applications

The Energy of the Gravitational Field

Modifications of the Field Equations. Relativity of Inertia and the Space-Bounded Universe

Part 5. Theories on the Nature of Charged Elementary Particles

The Electron and the Special Theory of Relativity

Mie's Theory

Weyl's Theory

Einstein's Theory

General Remarks on the Present State of the Problem of Matter

Supplementary Notes

Author Index

Subject Index
内容简介:
此书是世界图书出版公司出版的9卷本“泡利物理学讲义”中的第7卷，主题为相对论。沃尔夫冈·泡利是20世纪卓越的理论物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主，他在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。泡利去世后，他晚年的助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑修订了他生前在苏黎世联邦理工学院的授课讲义的英文版，分6卷，分别为《电动力学》《光学和电子论》《热力学和气体分子运动论》《统计力学》《波动力学》和《场量子化选讲》，英文版由The MIT Press出版。泡利年轻的时候还写过两篇重要的长达数百页的综述长文《相对论》和《量子力学的普遍原理》，直至今日仍是相对论与量子力学领域重要的经典文献。1921年，泡利为德国的《数学科学百科全书》撰写了关于相对论的长篇综述文章，爱因斯坦阅读后评价道：“任何该领域的专家都不会相信，该文出自一个年仅21岁的青年人之手，作者在文中显示出来的对这个领域的理解力、熟练的数学推导能力、对物理深刻的洞察力、使问题明晰的能力、系统的表述、对语言的把握、对该问题的完整处理及对其评价，使任何一个人都会感到羡慕。”1933年，泡利又为德国的《物理百科全书》撰写了关于量子力学的长篇综述文章，很快也成为经典。这两篇综述长文后来都以单行本的方式独立出版。在泡利生命的*后一年，他又对两书进行了全面修订，英文版分别由Pergamon Press和Springer-Verlag再次出版。我们将这两本书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第7卷和第8卷一起出版。1994年，Springer-Verlag又出版了同样由泡利晚年助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑的《泡利物理哲学文集》，此书包含了泡利撰写的关于空间、时间与因果性、对称、泡利不相容原理和中微子等的21篇重在阐述科学思想与哲学的文章和演讲稿。我们将此书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第9卷。这套“泡利物理学讲义”对高等院校的学生与研究人员深刻理解物理原理会有极大的帮助。
作者简介:
沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang E. Pauli），美籍奥地利科学家、物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。1900年4月25日生于奥地利维也纳，毕业于慕尼黑大学，1958年12月15日，在瑞士苏黎世逝世，享年58岁。泡利在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。
目录:
Preface by W. Pauli

Preface by A. Sommerfeld

Bibliography

Part 1. The Foundations of the Special Theory of Relativity

Historical Background (Lorentz, Poincaré, Einstein)

The Postulate of Relativity

The Postulate of the Constancy of the Velocity of Light. Ritz's and Related Theories

The Relativity of Simultaneity. Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation from the Two Postulates. Axiomatic Nature of the Lorentz Transformation

Lorentz Contraction and Time Dilatation

Einstein's Addition Theorem for Velocities and Its Application to Aberration and the Drag Coefficient. The Doppler Effect

Part 2. Mathematical Tools

The Four-Dimensional Space-Time World (Minkowski)

More General Transformation Groups

Tensor Calculus for Affine Transformations

Geometrical Meaning of the Contravariant and Covariant Components of a Vector

"Surface" and "Volume" Tensors. Four-Dimensional Volumes

Dual Tensors

Transition to Riemannian Geometry

Parallel Displacement of a Vector

Geodesic Lines

Space Curvature

Riemannian Coordinates and Their Applications

The Special Cases of Euclidean Geometry and of Constant Curvature

The Integral Theorems of Gauss and Stokes in a Four-Dimensional Riemannian Manifold

Derivation of Invariant Differential Operations, Using Geodesic Components

Affine Tensors and Free Vectors

Reality Relations

Infinitesimal Coordinate Transformations and Variational Theorems

Part 3. Special Theory of Relativity. Further Elaborations

Kinematics

Four-Dimensional Representation of the Lorentz Transformation

The Addition Theorem for Velocities

Transformation Law for Acceleration. Hyperbolic Motion

Electrodynamics

Conservation of Charge. Four-Current Density

Covariance of the Basic Equations of Electron Theory

Ponderomotive Forces. Dynamics of the Electron

Momentum and Energy of the Electromagnetic Field. Differential and Integral Forms of the Conservation Laws

The Invariant Action Principle of Electrodynamics

Applications to Special Cases

Minkowski's Phenomenological Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

Electron-Theoretical Derivations

Energy-Momentum Tensor and Ponderomotive Force in Phenomenological Electrodynamics. Joule Heat

Applications of the Theory

Mechanics and General Dynamics

Equation of Motion. Momentum and Kinetic Energy

Relativistic Mechanics on a Basis Independent of Electrodynamics

Hamilton's Principle in Relativistic Mechanics

Generalized Coordinates. Canonical Form of the Equations of Motion

The Inertia of Energy

General Dynamics

Transformation of Energy and Momentum of a System in the Presence of External Forces

Applications to Special Cases. Trouton and Noble's Experiments

Hydrodynamics and Theory of Elasticity

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Behaviour of the Thermodynamical Quantities Under a Lorentz Transformation

The Principle of Least Action

The Application of Relativity to Statistical Mechanics

Special Cases

Part 4. General Theory of Relativity

Historical Review, Up to Einstein's Paper of 1916

General Formulation of the Principle of Equivalence. Connection Between Gravitation and Metric

The Postulate of the General Covariance of the Physical Laws

Simple Deductions from the Principle of Equivalence

Influence of the Gravitational Field on Material Phenomena

The Action Principles for Material Processes in the Presence of Gravitational Fields

The Field Equations of Gravitation

Derivation of the Gravitational Equations from a Variational Principle

Comparison with Experiment

Other Special, Rigorous, Solutions for the Statical Case

Einstein's General Approximative Solution and Its Applications

The Energy of the Gravitational Field

Modifications of the Field Equations. Relativity of Inertia and the Space-Bounded Universe

Part 5. Theories on the Nature of Charged Elementary Particles

The Electron and the Special Theory of Relativity

Mie's Theory

Weyl's Theory

Einstein's Theory

General Remarks on the Present State of the Problem of Matter

Supplementary Notes

Author Index

Subject Index

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泡利物理学讲义：相对论

内容简介:

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