人工智能的伦理和治理

作者: 郭锐著

出版社: 法律出版社

出版时间: 2020-08

版次: 1

ISBN: 9787519745141

定价: 58.00

装帧: 其他

开本: 16开

纸张: 胶版纸

页数: 212页

字数: 148千字

分类: 计算机与互联网

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如何应对以人工智能为代表的新一轮科技革命带来的伦理和治理上的挑战？这是一个未被以往任何单个学科的研究所涵盖的问题。相比以往的技术，人工智能的独特之处就在于它的“自主性”。换言之，或由于技术本身的特性、或由于其应用过程中社会赋予了它特定角色，当代人工智能技术已经在深度“参与”人的决策。在这个意义上，人工智能技术与传统的工具意义上的技术有质的区别。正是由于这种对人的决策的深度“参与”，人工智能技术导致了短期和长期的伦理问题。本书系统地讨论了这些问题，在社会如何应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革的问题上有思想资源和分析框架上的独创性贡献。


  How to address the ethical and governance challenges posed by the new technological revolution of artificial intelligence? This is an issue that has not been covered by any previous study in any single discipline. What is unique about AI, compared to previous technologies, is its "autonomy". Contemporary AI technologies are already deeply "involved" in human decision-making, either because of the nature of the technological application itself, or the special role that the society assigns to it as it is applied. In this sense, AI is qualitatively different from the traditional technology. It is precisely because of this deep 'involvement' in human decision-making that AI has led to both short-term and long-term ethical problems. This book discusses these issues systematically, making an original contribution of intellectual resources and analytical frameworks to the question of how society should respond to the new technological revolution.         郭锐（中国人民大学法学院副教授，未来法治研究院研究员，社会责任和治理研究中心主任）郭锐博士的研究包括公司法、金融法、人权法、人工智能伦理与治理等。他毕业于中国政法大学（法学学士、硕士）和哈佛大学法学院（法学硕士、法学博士）。他担任国家信息标准化委员会人工智能专业委员会委员、界面交互专业委员会委员、全国标准化委员会人工智能总体组社会伦理研究负责人，他参与了中国第一个以人工智能标准化为主题的白皮书的写作并撰写“安全、隐私和伦理”部分（《人工智能标准化白皮书（2018）》已于2018年发布），并主持撰写了国家标准委人工智能总体组《人工智能伦理风险研究》报告 (2019年5月发布)。

        Rui Guo（Associate Professor of Law at Renmin University of China,  researcher of RUC’s Institute of Law and Technology, and Director of Center for Social Responsibility and Governance). Dr. Rui Guo researches on corporate law, financial regulations, human rights, and the ethics of Artificial Intelligence. He graduated from China University of Political Science and Law(LL.B & LL.M) and Harvard Law School (LL.M & S.J.D). Dr. Rui Guo is a member of the Sub-Committee of Artificial Intelligence, National Standardization Committee of Information Technology, and is the Lead Expert for the Research Group on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence of the Artificial Intelligence Working Group, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China(SAC). He participated in the drafting of the first AI standardization white paper(published in 2018) and led the drafting of AI Ethical Risk Research Report (published in May 2019 by Artificial Intelligence Working Group, SAC).

序言

引论

一、“不合时宜”的伦理学

二、伦理知识的危机

三、人工智能伦理的终极困境

四、“道德算法”的缺陷

五、人工智能伦理风险管理

六、无法离开的游戏

第一章人工智能的伦理问题从何而来

引言

一、人工智能的技术特征和伦理问题

二、人工智能伦理基本原则

三、典型的人工智能伦理问题

第二章大数据阴影下的隐私：以精准营销为例

引言

一、精准营销：个人数据的商业价值

二、精准营销中的隐私疑云：“大数据杀熟”

三、隐私的可能性与“全景敞视监狱”的弥散

四、隐私权与人的道德主体性

第三章算法的殷勤和背叛：以推荐系统为例

引言

一、推荐系统——以今日头条为例

二、推荐系统的伦理风险：以内容推荐为例

三、算法与社会的多样性

第四章风险控制的迷思：以金融领域人工智能应用为例

引言

一、人工智能金融反欺诈的窘境

二、过分自信的人工智能金融风控：一个宏观视角

三、技术之不能与社会之能

第五章机器决策的困境：以自动驾驶为例

引言

一、自动驾驶技术概览

二、“电车难题”

三、机器决策的困境和归责

第六章人机关系之惑：以性爱机器人为例

引言

一、作为控制系统的性爱机器人

二、管制的正当理由

三、主奴关系之辩

引言93

一、用于决策的人工智能伦理问题

二、预测性警务

三、人脸识别

四、走出“简单化”的路径依赖

第八章权利的美丽新世界：以司法领域人工智能应用为例

引言

一、司法领域已有的人工智能应用的伦理问题

二、人工智能在司法领域的前景：司法是否会被算法取代

三、未来人工智能在司法中的应用与伦理风险

四、离开“美丽新世界”

第九章风险管理：人工智能伦理与治理的新思路

引言

一、人工智能伦理风险的指标

二、人工智能伦理风险管理的最佳实践

三、人工智能伦理委员会：以企业为例

余论

一、风险的警觉

二、应对的规划

三、法律的角色

Table of Content

Introduction

I. The "Anachronistic" AI Ethics

II. The Crisis of Ethical Knowledge

III. The Ultimate Dilemma of AI Ethics

IV. Shortcomings of the Ethical Algorithm

V. Ethical Risk Management in AI

VI. The Game We Can't Leave

Chapter 1. Where the Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence Come from

I. Technical Features and Ethical Issues of AI

II. Basic Principles of AI Ethics

III. Typical AI Ethical Issues

Chapter 2: Privacy in the Shadow of Big Data: a Case of Precision Marketing

I. Precision Marketing: the Business Value of Personal Data

II. The Doubt on Big Data

III. The Possibility of Privacy and the Dispersion of Hume’s Panopticon

IV. The Right to Privacy and the Moral Agency of the Human Person

Chapter 3 Attentiveness and Betrayal of Algorithm

I. Recommendation System: Bite Dance as an Example

II. Ethical Risks of Individualized Recommendation System III. Algorithms and the Diversity of Society

Chapter 4 The Myth of Risk Control: an Example from Fin-tech

I. The Dilemma of AI Financial Anti-Fraud

II. The Overconfident AI Risk Control

III. The Inability of Technology and the Ability of the Society

Chapter 5 The Dilemma of Machine Decision-making: an Example of Autonomous Driving

I. Overview of Autonomous Driving Technology

II. The Tram Problem

III. Accountability and the Dilemma of Machine Decision-making

Chapter 6: The Confusion of Human-machine Relation: the Case of Sex Robot

I. Sex Robot as a Control System

II. Justification of Control

III. The Master-slave Relationship

Chapter 7: The Siren Song in the Ear of Power: AI in Public Decision Making

I. Ethical issues of AI in Public Decision-making

II. Predictive Policing

III. Facial Recognition

IV. Moving Away from Path Dependency

Chapter 8 A Beautiful New World of Rights: AI in Court

I. Ethical issues of existing AI applications in court

II. Will Justice Be Replaced by Algorithm

III. The Ethical Risks of AI Applications in Court

IV. Leaving the Brave New World

Chapter 9 Risk Management and AI Ethics and Governance

I. Indicators of Ethical Risks of AI

II. Best Practices for Managing Ethical Risks of AI

III. The Ethics Committee: a Case Study

Conclusion

I. The Perception of Risks

II. Planning for Responses

III. The Role(s) of the Law
内容简介:
如何应对以人工智能为代表的新一轮科技革命带来的伦理和治理上的挑战？这是一个未被以往任何单个学科的研究所涵盖的问题。相比以往的技术，人工智能的独特之处就在于它的“自主性”。换言之，或由于技术本身的特性、或由于其应用过程中社会赋予了它特定角色，当代人工智能技术已经在深度“参与”人的决策。在这个意义上，人工智能技术与传统的工具意义上的技术有质的区别。正是由于这种对人的决策的深度“参与”，人工智能技术导致了短期和长期的伦理问题。本书系统地讨论了这些问题，在社会如何应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革的问题上有思想资源和分析框架上的独创性贡献。


  How to address the ethical and governance challenges posed by the new technological revolution of artificial intelligence? This is an issue that has not been covered by any previous study in any single discipline. What is unique about AI, compared to previous technologies, is its "autonomy". Contemporary AI technologies are already deeply "involved" in human decision-making, either because of the nature of the technological application itself, or the special role that the society assigns to it as it is applied. In this sense, AI is qualitatively different from the traditional technology. It is precisely because of this deep 'involvement' in human decision-making that AI has led to both short-term and long-term ethical problems. This book discusses these issues systematically, making an original contribution of intellectual resources and analytical frameworks to the question of how society should respond to the new technological revolution.
作者简介:
郭锐（中国人民大学法学院副教授，未来法治研究院研究员，社会责任和治理研究中心主任）郭锐博士的研究包括公司法、金融法、人权法、人工智能伦理与治理等。他毕业于中国政法大学（法学学士、硕士）和哈佛大学法学院（法学硕士、法学博士）。他担任国家信息标准化委员会人工智能专业委员会委员、界面交互专业委员会委员、全国标准化委员会人工智能总体组社会伦理研究负责人，他参与了中国第一个以人工智能标准化为主题的白皮书的写作并撰写“安全、隐私和伦理”部分（《人工智能标准化白皮书（2018）》已于2018年发布），并主持撰写了国家标准委人工智能总体组《人工智能伦理风险研究》报告 (2019年5月发布)。

Rui Guo（Associate Professor of Law at Renmin University of China, researcher of RUC’s Institute of Law and Technology, and Director of Center for Social Responsibility and Governance). Dr. Rui Guo researches on corporate law, financial regulations, human rights, and the ethics of Artificial Intelligence. He graduated from China University of Political Science and Law(LL.B & LL.M) and Harvard Law School (LL.M & S.J.D). Dr. Rui Guo is a member of the Sub-Committee of Artificial Intelligence, National Standardization Committee of Information Technology, and is the Lead Expert for the Research Group on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence of the Artificial Intelligence Working Group, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China(SAC). He participated in the drafting of the first AI standardization white paper(published in 2018) and led the drafting of AI Ethical Risk Research Report (published in May 2019 by Artificial Intelligence Working Group, SAC).
目录:
序言

引论

一、“不合时宜”的伦理学

二、伦理知识的危机

三、人工智能伦理的终极困境

四、“道德算法”的缺陷

五、人工智能伦理风险管理

六、无法离开的游戏

第一章人工智能的伦理问题从何而来

引言

一、人工智能的技术特征和伦理问题

二、人工智能伦理基本原则

三、典型的人工智能伦理问题

第二章大数据阴影下的隐私：以精准营销为例

引言

一、精准营销：个人数据的商业价值

二、精准营销中的隐私疑云：“大数据杀熟”

三、隐私的可能性与“全景敞视监狱”的弥散

四、隐私权与人的道德主体性

第三章算法的殷勤和背叛：以推荐系统为例

引言

一、推荐系统——以今日头条为例

二、推荐系统的伦理风险：以内容推荐为例

三、算法与社会的多样性

第四章风险控制的迷思：以金融领域人工智能应用为例

引言

一、人工智能金融反欺诈的窘境

二、过分自信的人工智能金融风控：一个宏观视角

三、技术之不能与社会之能

第五章机器决策的困境：以自动驾驶为例

引言

一、自动驾驶技术概览

二、“电车难题”

三、机器决策的困境和归责

第六章人机关系之惑：以性爱机器人为例

引言

一、作为控制系统的性爱机器人

二、管制的正当理由

三、主奴关系之辩

引言93

一、用于决策的人工智能伦理问题

二、预测性警务

三、人脸识别

四、走出“简单化”的路径依赖

第八章权利的美丽新世界：以司法领域人工智能应用为例

引言

一、司法领域已有的人工智能应用的伦理问题

二、人工智能在司法领域的前景：司法是否会被算法取代

三、未来人工智能在司法中的应用与伦理风险

四、离开“美丽新世界”

第九章风险管理：人工智能伦理与治理的新思路

引言

一、人工智能伦理风险的指标

二、人工智能伦理风险管理的最佳实践

三、人工智能伦理委员会：以企业为例

余论

一、风险的警觉

二、应对的规划

三、法律的角色

Table of Content

Introduction

I. The "Anachronistic" AI Ethics

II. The Crisis of Ethical Knowledge

III. The Ultimate Dilemma of AI Ethics

IV. Shortcomings of the Ethical Algorithm

V. Ethical Risk Management in AI

VI. The Game We Can't Leave

Chapter 1. Where the Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence Come from

I. Technical Features and Ethical Issues of AI

II. Basic Principles of AI Ethics

III. Typical AI Ethical Issues

Chapter 2: Privacy in the Shadow of Big Data: a Case of Precision Marketing

I. Precision Marketing: the Business Value of Personal Data

II. The Doubt on Big Data

III. The Possibility of Privacy and the Dispersion of Hume’s Panopticon

IV. The Right to Privacy and the Moral Agency of the Human Person

Chapter 3 Attentiveness and Betrayal of Algorithm

I. Recommendation System: Bite Dance as an Example

II. Ethical Risks of Individualized Recommendation System III. Algorithms and the Diversity of Society

Chapter 4 The Myth of Risk Control: an Example from Fin-tech

I. The Dilemma of AI Financial Anti-Fraud

II. The Overconfident AI Risk Control

III. The Inability of Technology and the Ability of the Society

Chapter 5 The Dilemma of Machine Decision-making: an Example of Autonomous Driving

I. Overview of Autonomous Driving Technology

II. The Tram Problem

III. Accountability and the Dilemma of Machine Decision-making

Chapter 6: The Confusion of Human-machine Relation: the Case of Sex Robot

I. Sex Robot as a Control System

II. Justification of Control

III. The Master-slave Relationship

Chapter 7: The Siren Song in the Ear of Power: AI in Public Decision Making

I. Ethical issues of AI in Public Decision-making

II. Predictive Policing

III. Facial Recognition

IV. Moving Away from Path Dependency

Chapter 8 A Beautiful New World of Rights: AI in Court

I. Ethical issues of existing AI applications in court

II. Will Justice Be Replaced by Algorithm

III. The Ethical Risks of AI Applications in Court

IV. Leaving the Brave New World

Chapter 9 Risk Management and AI Ethics and Governance

I. Indicators of Ethical Risks of AI

II. Best Practices for Managing Ethical Risks of AI

III. The Ethics Committee: a Case Study

Conclusion

I. The Perception of Risks

II. Planning for Responses

III. The Role(s) of the Law

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人工智能的伦理和治理

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