Universal wireless personal communications

作者: Ramjee Prasad

出版社: Artech House

出版时间: 1998

ISBN: 9780890069585

定价: 1546.10

装帧: 其他

开本: 其他

纸张: 其他

丛书: Artech house mobile communications library

分类: 综合性图书

Provides in-depth coverage of fundamental and advanced topics associated with wireless personal communications, from basic cellular systems, to third-generation mobile technologies, to broadband multimedia and satellite communication. Contains chapters on radi propagation prospects, macrocellular systems, picocellular systems, CDMA concepts, multiple access protocols, millimeter-wave communications, dynamic channel assignment and DECT, and SATCOM. For students, researchers, and engineers. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.     Preface    p. xv

    Acknowledgments    p. xix

Chapter 1    Introduction    p. 1

1.1      An Overview    p. 1

1.2      Universal Wireless Personal Communications    p. 12

1.2.1        UMTS Objectives and Challenges    p. 13

1.2.2        ACTS Program    p. 15

1.2.3        Standardization of UMTS    p. 16

1.3      Wireless Broadband Communication Systems    p. 19

1.3.1        Millimeter Waves    p. 21

1.4      Preview of the Book    p. 22

      References    p. 25

Chapter 2    Radio Propagation Aspects    p. 29

2.1      Introduction    p. 29

2.2      Large-Scale Propagation Model    p. 31

2.3      Medium-Scale Propagation Model    p. 32

2.3.1        Sum of Lognormal Signals    p. 34

2.4      Small-Scale Propagation Model    p. 39

2.4.1        Sum of Exponential Signals    p. 40

2.4.2        Rician Distribution    p. 41

2.4.3        Nakagami Distribution    p. 43

2.5      Combined Rayleigh Fading and Lognormal Shadowing    p. 44

2.6      Fading Envelope Statistics    p. 46

2.6.1        LCR    p. 46

2.6.2        Average Fade Duration    p. 49

2.7      Wireless Channel Classification    p. 50

2.7.1        Coherence Bandwidth and Delay Spread    p. 51

2.7.2        Coherence Time and Doppler Spread    p. 54

2.8      Wideband Characteristics    p. 56

2.9      Conclusions    p. 60

2.9.1        Random Variable Terms    p. 60

      References    p. 64

      Appendix 2A    p. 68

Chapter 3    Cellular Concepts    p. 71

3.1      Introduction    p. 71

3.2      Frequency Reuse    p. 73

3.3      Co-channel Interference    p. 77

3.4      Carrier-to-Interference Ratio    p. 79

3.5      Handover/Handoff Mechanism    p. 82

3.6      Cell Splitting    p. 85

3.7      Types of Cellular Networks    p. 86

3.7.1        Macrocellular Radio Networks    p. 86

3.7.2        Microcellular Radio Networks    p. 87

3.7.3        Picocellular Radio Networks    p. 87

      References    p. 88

Chapter 4    Macrocellular Systems    p. 91

4.1      Introduction    p. 91

4.2      Co-channel Interference Probability    p. 92

4.2.1        Rayleigh Fading Only    p. 93

4.2.2        Lognormal Shadowing Only    p. 94

4.2.3        Rayleigh Fading Plus Lognormal Shadowing    p. 95

4.2.4        Reuse Distance    p. 97

4.2.5        Spectrum Efficiency    p. 99

4.2.6        System Bandwidth    p. 105

4.2.7        Conclusions    p. 106

4.3      Correlated Shadowing Signals    p. 106

4.3.1        Sectorized Cell Layouts    p. 111

4.3.2.        Conclusions    p. 114

4.4      Co-channel Interference, Thermal, Narrowband and Broadband Man-made Noise    p. 115

4.4.1        Performance Model    p. 116

4.4.2        Co-channel Interference Plus Narrowband Class A Noise    p. 121

4.4.3        Co-channel Interference Plus Broadband Class B Noise    p. 123

4.4.4        Co-channel Interference and Narrowband Plus Broadband Impulsive Class C Noise    p. 128

4.4.5        Conclusions    p. 130

      References    p. 131

      Appendix 4A    p. 134

Chapter 5    Microcellular Systems    p. 139

5.1      Introduction    p. 139

5.2      CIP    p. 140

5.2.1        Propagation Model    p. 140

5.2.2        Analytical Model    p. 142

5.2.3        Conclusions    p. 149

5.3      Co-channel Interference, Natural, and Man-made Noise Environment    p. 149

5.3.1        Man-made Noise    p. 150

5.3.2        Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems    p. 151

5.3.3        DPSK Modulation Performance    p. 152

5.3.4        Conclusions    p. 160

      References    p. 161

Chapter 6    Picocellular Systems    p. 165

6.1      Introduction    p. 165

6.2      Propagation Measurements at 1.9 GHz for Wireless Communications    p. 166

6.2.1        Propagation Measurements    p. 166

6.2.2        Formulation of CIP    p. 171

6.2.3        Computational Results    p. 174

6.2.4        An Illustration to Evaluate a Picocell    p. 176

6.2.5        Conclusions    p. 176

6.3      Wideband Indoor Channel Measurements at 2.4, 4.75, and 11.5 GHz    p. 177

6.3.1        The Indoor Radio Channel    p. 177

6.3.2        Propagation Measurements    p. 179

6.3.3        Analytical Model for BEP Evaluation    p. 194

6.3.4        Conclusions    p. 204

      References    p. 206

      Appendix 6A    p. 208

      Appendix 6B    p. 210

Chapter 7    Adaptive Equalization    p. 213

7.1      Introduction    p. 213

7.2      Overview of Adaptive Equalization Techniques    p. 214

7.2.1        DFE    p. 217

7.2.2        Training Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization    p. 218

7.3      Communication System Model    p. 224

7.3.1        Transmitter    p. 224

7.3.2        Multipath Channel Model    p. 228

7.3.3        Receiver    p. 230

7.4      Simulation Results    p. 239

7.4.1        Description of Simulation    p. 239

7.4.2        Numerical Results    p. 239

7.5      Conclusions    p. 248

      References    p. 249

Chapter 8    Basic CDMA Concepts    p. 253

8.1      Introduction    p. 253

8.2      Spread-Spectrum Multiple Access    p. 256

8.2.1        DS    p. 257

8.2.2        FH    p. 260

8.2.3        TH    p. 264

8.2.4        Chirp Spread Spectrum    p. 266

8.2.5        Hybrid Systems    p. 267

8.3      Design of Pseudonoise Sequences    p. 268

8.3.1        Basics    p. 268

8.3.2        PN Codes    p. 273

8.3.3        Random Wave Approximation    p. 284

8.3.4        Conclusions    p. 289

      References    p. 290

Chapter 9    Multiple Access Protocols    p. 291

9.1      Introduction    p. 291

9.2      Classification of Multiple Access Protocols    p. 293

9.2.1        Contentionless (Scheduling) Multiple Access Protocols    p. 295

9.2.2        Contention (Random) Multiple Access Protocols    p. 295

9.2.3        CDMA Protocols    p. 297

9.3      Some Random Access Protocols    p. 298

9.3.1        Slotted ALOHA    p. 299

9.3.2        Unslotted Nonpersistent ISMA    p. 300

9.3.3        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA    p. 304

9.3.4        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA    p. 306

9.3.5        Slotted ISMA With Collision Detection    p. 308

9.4      Capture-Model    p. 313

9.4.1        Slotted ALOHA With Capture    p. 314

9.4.2        Unslotted Nonpersistent ISMA With Capture    p. 315

9.4.3        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA With Capture    p. 316

9.4.4        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA With Capture    p. 317

9.4.5        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA/CD With Capture    p. 317

9.4.6        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA/CD With Capture    p. 317

9.5      Throughput Analysis Considering Rayleigh Fading, Lognormal Shadowing, and Near-Far Effect    p. 318

9.5.1        Pure Rayleigh Fading    p. 318

9.5.2        Pure Lognormal Shadowing    p. 320

9.5.3        Combined Rayleigh Fading and Shadowing    p. 321

9.5.4        Combined Shadowing and Near-Far Effect    p. 322

9.5.5        Combined Rayleigh Fading, Shadowing, and Near-Far Effect    p. 323

9.5.6        Comparison Between Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, and ISMA    p. 324

9.6      Capture Probability and Throughput Analysis in a Rician/Rayleigh Environment Using BPSK Modulation    p. 326

9.6.1        Channel Model    p. 327

9.6.2        Capture Probability    p. 329

9.6.3        Random Access Systems With Receiver Capture    p. 334

9.6.4        Error Correction Coding    p. 339

9.6.5        User Data Throughput    p. 342

9.6.6        Conclusions    p. 345

9.7      Cellular DS-CDMA System With Imperfect Power Control and Imperfect Sectorization    p. 345

9.7.1        Cellular DS-CDMA    p. 346

9.7.2        Capacity Analysis    p. 353

9.7.3        Throughput and Delay Analysis    p. 355

9.7.4        Results    p. 356

9.7.5        Conclusions and Recommendations    p. 362

      References    p. 363

Chapter 10    OFDM    p. 367

10.1      Introduction    p. 367

10.2      Concept of Parallel Transmission Scheme    p. 368

10.3      History of OFDM Transmission    p. 371

10.4      Configuration of OFDM Transmission System    p. 374

10.4.1        Configuration of the Transmitter    p. 374

10.4.2        Configuration of the Receiver    p. 379

10.5      BEP    p. 380

10.6      Conclusions    p. 383

      References    p. 383

Chapter 11    Multicarrier CDMA    p. 385

11.1      Introduction    p. 385

11.2      Channel Model    p. 386

11.3      DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA Systems    p. 388

11.3.1        DS-CDMA System    p. 388

11.3.2        MC-CDMA System    p. 390

11.4      MC-CDMA System Design    p. 395

11.5      BEP Lower Bound    p. 399

11.5.1        DS-CDMA System    p. 399

11.5.2        MC-CDMA System    p. 401

11.5.3        BEP Lower Bound Equivalence    p. 402

11.6      Numerical Results    p. 403

11.7      Combination of Time Domain and Multicarrier Modulation    p. 408

11.7.1        Multicarrier DS-CDMA Scheme    p. 408

11.7.2        MT-CDMA Scheme    p. 410

11.7.3        System Features Comparison    p. 410

11.7.4        Detection Strategies Comparison    p. 412

11.8      BEP Comparison    p. 412

11.9      Conclusions    p. 418

      References    p. 418

      Appendix 11A    p. 420

Chapter 12    Antenna Diversity    p. 423

12.1      Introduction    p. 423

12.2      Antenna    p. 423

12.2.1        BS Antennas    p. 424

12.2.2        Antennas for Portables    p. 424

12.3      Diversity and Combining Techniques    p. 425

12.3.1        Diversity Techniques    p. 425

12.3.2        Combining Techniques    p. 426

12.4      Diversity in a Frequency Nonselective Fading Channel    p. 431

12.4.1        Switched Diversity and Selection Diversity Output Signals    p. 431

12.4.2        Two-Branch Diversity    p. 433

12.4.3        Multiple Branch Diversity    p. 454

12.5      Conclusions    p. 457

      References    p. 458

Chapter 13    Millimeter-Wave Communications    p. 461

13.1      Introduction    p. 461

13.2      Frequency Nonselective Channel    p. 464

13.2.1        Received Power Versus Distance    p. 465

13.2.2        Outage Probability    p. 466

13.2.3        Fade Duration    p. 468

13.2.4        Discussion    p. 472

13.3      Frequency Selective Channel    p. 472

13.3.1        BEP Calculations    p. 474

13.3.2        Influence of T[subscript RMS] on BEP    p. 477

13.3.3        Comparison of PDP Types    p. 478

13.4      Conclusions    p. 480

      References    p. 481

Chapter 14    Dynamic Channel Assignment and DECT    p. 485

14.1      Introduction    p. 485

14.2      Channel Assignment    p. 486

14.2.1        The Cellular Concept    p. 486

14.2.2        Channel Allocation Schemes    p. 487

14.2.3        DECT as a DCA-Based Mobile Radio System    p. 497

14.2.4        The Influence of Delay in Channel Assignment Algorithms    p. 502

14.3      Simulation Results    p. 504

14.3.1        Channel Scanning Method    p. 506

14.3.2        Number of Free Channels at Setup    p. 507

14.3.3        The Effect of Delay    p. 508

14.3.4        Handovers    p. 512

14.4      Conclusions    p. 515

      References    p. 516

Chapter 15    Air Interface Multiple Access Schemes for FPLMTS/IMT-2000/UMTS    p. 517

15.1      Introduction    p. 517

15.1.1        Spectrum Issues    p. 522

15.2      CDMA-Based Schemes    p. 523

15.2.1        Carrier Spacing and Chip Rate    p. 525

15.2.2        Modulation and Detection    p. 525

15.2.3        Spreading and Scrambling Codes    p. 526

15.2.4        Multirate    p. 527

15.2.5        Power Control    p. 528

15.2.6        Handover    p. 529

15.2.7        Interfrequency Handover    p. 529

15.2.8        Multiuser Detection and Other Interference Reduction Methods    p. 530

15.2.9        Packet Data    p. 530

15.3      TDMA-Based Schemes    p. 531

15.3.1        Modulation    p. 531

15.3.2        Carrier Spacing and Symbol Rate    p. 532

15.3.3        Burst and Frame Structures    p. 532

15.3.4        Training Sequence Design    p. 533

15.3.5        Radio Resource Management    p. 535

15.4      Hybrid CDMA/TDMA    p. 535

15.5      OFDM-Based Schemes    p. 536

15.5.1        Bandwidth    p. 536

15.5.2        Frame Design    p. 537

15.5.3        Coding, Interleaving, and Frequency Hopping    p. 537

15.5.4        Handover    p. 538

15.5.5        Uplink Synchronization    p. 538

15.5.6        Power Control    p. 538

15.5.7        DCA    p. 538

15.6      TDD    p. 538

15.7      Conclusions    p. 541

      References    p. 541

Chapter 16    WBMC    p. 547

16.1      Introduction    p. 547

16.2      Standardization and Frequency Bands    p. 549

16.3      The Need for High Data Rates    p. 549

16.4      Services and Applications    p. 550

16.5      Antennas and Batteries    p. 553

16.6      Safety Considerations    p. 555

16.7      ATM-Based Wireless (Mobile) Broadband Multimedia Systems    p. 557

16.7.1        Fragments    p. 559

16.8      Conclusions    p. 562

      References    p. 563

Chapter 17    OFDM-Based Wireless ATM Transmission System    p. 567

17.1      Introduction    p. 567

17.2      System Configuration    p. 568

17.2.1        Transmitter Configuration    p. 568

17.2.2        Receiver Configuration    p. 570

17.3      Numerical Results    p. 576

17.4      Conclusions    p. 581

      References    p. 581

Chapter 18    SATCOM    p. 583

18.1      Introduction    p. 583

18.1.1        Potential Benefits of ATM Over SATCOM    p. 584

18.1.2        Key Issues With Respect to the Operation of ATM Over SATCOM    p. 586

18.1.3        Understanding the Traffic Profile and Its Relationship to ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 587

18.2      Conceptual Analysis of Broadband Networking Via IP/ATM Over EHF SATCOM Using CDMA    p. 590

18.2.1        The ATM-SATCOM Protocol Stack    p. 592

18.2.2        CDMA for ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 593

18.2.3        Capacity as a Function of the User Service Distribution    p. 596

18.3      Error Correction and Control for ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 604

18.3.1        Performance of TCP/IP Over ATM-SATCOM and Importance of Error Control and Correction    p. 604

18.3.2        A Concept for Error Control and Correction Tailored to Service Class    p. 607

18.3.3        A CPCS-Based Truncated SRQ Protocol for AAL 5    p. 608

18.3.4        FEC Options for ATM Over SATCOM    p. 613

18.4      SATCOM Efficiency    p. 620

18.5      Conclusions    p. 622

      References    p. 623

    About the Author    p. 625

    Index    p. 627
内容简介:
Provides in-depth coverage of fundamental and advanced topics associated with wireless personal communications, from basic cellular systems, to third-generation mobile technologies, to broadband multimedia and satellite communication. Contains chapters on radi propagation prospects, macrocellular systems, picocellular systems, CDMA concepts, multiple access protocols, millimeter-wave communications, dynamic channel assignment and DECT, and SATCOM. For students, researchers, and engineers. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
目录:
    Preface    p. xv

    Acknowledgments    p. xix

Chapter 1    Introduction    p. 1

1.1      An Overview    p. 1

1.2      Universal Wireless Personal Communications    p. 12

1.2.1        UMTS Objectives and Challenges    p. 13

1.2.2        ACTS Program    p. 15

1.2.3        Standardization of UMTS    p. 16

1.3      Wireless Broadband Communication Systems    p. 19

1.3.1        Millimeter Waves    p. 21

1.4      Preview of the Book    p. 22

      References    p. 25

Chapter 2    Radio Propagation Aspects    p. 29

2.1      Introduction    p. 29

2.2      Large-Scale Propagation Model    p. 31

2.3      Medium-Scale Propagation Model    p. 32

2.3.1        Sum of Lognormal Signals    p. 34

2.4      Small-Scale Propagation Model    p. 39

2.4.1        Sum of Exponential Signals    p. 40

2.4.2        Rician Distribution    p. 41

2.4.3        Nakagami Distribution    p. 43

2.5      Combined Rayleigh Fading and Lognormal Shadowing    p. 44

2.6      Fading Envelope Statistics    p. 46

2.6.1        LCR    p. 46

2.6.2        Average Fade Duration    p. 49

2.7      Wireless Channel Classification    p. 50

2.7.1        Coherence Bandwidth and Delay Spread    p. 51

2.7.2        Coherence Time and Doppler Spread    p. 54

2.8      Wideband Characteristics    p. 56

2.9      Conclusions    p. 60

2.9.1        Random Variable Terms    p. 60

      References    p. 64

      Appendix 2A    p. 68

Chapter 3    Cellular Concepts    p. 71

3.1      Introduction    p. 71

3.2      Frequency Reuse    p. 73

3.3      Co-channel Interference    p. 77

3.4      Carrier-to-Interference Ratio    p. 79

3.5      Handover/Handoff Mechanism    p. 82

3.6      Cell Splitting    p. 85

3.7      Types of Cellular Networks    p. 86

3.7.1        Macrocellular Radio Networks    p. 86

3.7.2        Microcellular Radio Networks    p. 87

3.7.3        Picocellular Radio Networks    p. 87

      References    p. 88

Chapter 4    Macrocellular Systems    p. 91

4.1      Introduction    p. 91

4.2      Co-channel Interference Probability    p. 92

4.2.1        Rayleigh Fading Only    p. 93

4.2.2        Lognormal Shadowing Only    p. 94

4.2.3        Rayleigh Fading Plus Lognormal Shadowing    p. 95

4.2.4        Reuse Distance    p. 97

4.2.5        Spectrum Efficiency    p. 99

4.2.6        System Bandwidth    p. 105

4.2.7        Conclusions    p. 106

4.3      Correlated Shadowing Signals    p. 106

4.3.1        Sectorized Cell Layouts    p. 111

4.3.2.        Conclusions    p. 114

4.4      Co-channel Interference, Thermal, Narrowband and Broadband Man-made Noise    p. 115

4.4.1        Performance Model    p. 116

4.4.2        Co-channel Interference Plus Narrowband Class A Noise    p. 121

4.4.3        Co-channel Interference Plus Broadband Class B Noise    p. 123

4.4.4        Co-channel Interference and Narrowband Plus Broadband Impulsive Class C Noise    p. 128

4.4.5        Conclusions    p. 130

      References    p. 131

      Appendix 4A    p. 134

Chapter 5    Microcellular Systems    p. 139

5.1      Introduction    p. 139

5.2      CIP    p. 140

5.2.1        Propagation Model    p. 140

5.2.2        Analytical Model    p. 142

5.2.3        Conclusions    p. 149

5.3      Co-channel Interference, Natural, and Man-made Noise Environment    p. 149

5.3.1        Man-made Noise    p. 150

5.3.2        Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems    p. 151

5.3.3        DPSK Modulation Performance    p. 152

5.3.4        Conclusions    p. 160

      References    p. 161

Chapter 6    Picocellular Systems    p. 165

6.1      Introduction    p. 165

6.2      Propagation Measurements at 1.9 GHz for Wireless Communications    p. 166

6.2.1        Propagation Measurements    p. 166

6.2.2        Formulation of CIP    p. 171

6.2.3        Computational Results    p. 174

6.2.4        An Illustration to Evaluate a Picocell    p. 176

6.2.5        Conclusions    p. 176

6.3      Wideband Indoor Channel Measurements at 2.4, 4.75, and 11.5 GHz    p. 177

6.3.1        The Indoor Radio Channel    p. 177

6.3.2        Propagation Measurements    p. 179

6.3.3        Analytical Model for BEP Evaluation    p. 194

6.3.4        Conclusions    p. 204

      References    p. 206

      Appendix 6A    p. 208

      Appendix 6B    p. 210

Chapter 7    Adaptive Equalization    p. 213

7.1      Introduction    p. 213

7.2      Overview of Adaptive Equalization Techniques    p. 214

7.2.1        DFE    p. 217

7.2.2        Training Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization    p. 218

7.3      Communication System Model    p. 224

7.3.1        Transmitter    p. 224

7.3.2        Multipath Channel Model    p. 228

7.3.3        Receiver    p. 230

7.4      Simulation Results    p. 239

7.4.1        Description of Simulation    p. 239

7.4.2        Numerical Results    p. 239

7.5      Conclusions    p. 248

      References    p. 249

Chapter 8    Basic CDMA Concepts    p. 253

8.1      Introduction    p. 253

8.2      Spread-Spectrum Multiple Access    p. 256

8.2.1        DS    p. 257

8.2.2        FH    p. 260

8.2.3        TH    p. 264

8.2.4        Chirp Spread Spectrum    p. 266

8.2.5        Hybrid Systems    p. 267

8.3      Design of Pseudonoise Sequences    p. 268

8.3.1        Basics    p. 268

8.3.2        PN Codes    p. 273

8.3.3        Random Wave Approximation    p. 284

8.3.4        Conclusions    p. 289

      References    p. 290

Chapter 9    Multiple Access Protocols    p. 291

9.1      Introduction    p. 291

9.2      Classification of Multiple Access Protocols    p. 293

9.2.1        Contentionless (Scheduling) Multiple Access Protocols    p. 295

9.2.2        Contention (Random) Multiple Access Protocols    p. 295

9.2.3        CDMA Protocols    p. 297

9.3      Some Random Access Protocols    p. 298

9.3.1        Slotted ALOHA    p. 299

9.3.2        Unslotted Nonpersistent ISMA    p. 300

9.3.3        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA    p. 304

9.3.4        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA    p. 306

9.3.5        Slotted ISMA With Collision Detection    p. 308

9.4      Capture-Model    p. 313

9.4.1        Slotted ALOHA With Capture    p. 314

9.4.2        Unslotted Nonpersistent ISMA With Capture    p. 315

9.4.3        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA With Capture    p. 316

9.4.4        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA With Capture    p. 317

9.4.5        Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA/CD With Capture    p. 317

9.4.6        Slotted 1-Persistent ISMA/CD With Capture    p. 317

9.5      Throughput Analysis Considering Rayleigh Fading, Lognormal Shadowing, and Near-Far Effect    p. 318

9.5.1        Pure Rayleigh Fading    p. 318

9.5.2        Pure Lognormal Shadowing    p. 320

9.5.3        Combined Rayleigh Fading and Shadowing    p. 321

9.5.4        Combined Shadowing and Near-Far Effect    p. 322

9.5.5        Combined Rayleigh Fading, Shadowing, and Near-Far Effect    p. 323

9.5.6        Comparison Between Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, and ISMA    p. 324

9.6      Capture Probability and Throughput Analysis in a Rician/Rayleigh Environment Using BPSK Modulation    p. 326

9.6.1        Channel Model    p. 327

9.6.2        Capture Probability    p. 329

9.6.3        Random Access Systems With Receiver Capture    p. 334

9.6.4        Error Correction Coding    p. 339

9.6.5        User Data Throughput    p. 342

9.6.6        Conclusions    p. 345

9.7      Cellular DS-CDMA System With Imperfect Power Control and Imperfect Sectorization    p. 345

9.7.1        Cellular DS-CDMA    p. 346

9.7.2        Capacity Analysis    p. 353

9.7.3        Throughput and Delay Analysis    p. 355

9.7.4        Results    p. 356

9.7.5        Conclusions and Recommendations    p. 362

      References    p. 363

Chapter 10    OFDM    p. 367

10.1      Introduction    p. 367

10.2      Concept of Parallel Transmission Scheme    p. 368

10.3      History of OFDM Transmission    p. 371

10.4      Configuration of OFDM Transmission System    p. 374

10.4.1        Configuration of the Transmitter    p. 374

10.4.2        Configuration of the Receiver    p. 379

10.5      BEP    p. 380

10.6      Conclusions    p. 383

      References    p. 383

Chapter 11    Multicarrier CDMA    p. 385

11.1      Introduction    p. 385

11.2      Channel Model    p. 386

11.3      DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA Systems    p. 388

11.3.1        DS-CDMA System    p. 388

11.3.2        MC-CDMA System    p. 390

11.4      MC-CDMA System Design    p. 395

11.5      BEP Lower Bound    p. 399

11.5.1        DS-CDMA System    p. 399

11.5.2        MC-CDMA System    p. 401

11.5.3        BEP Lower Bound Equivalence    p. 402

11.6      Numerical Results    p. 403

11.7      Combination of Time Domain and Multicarrier Modulation    p. 408

11.7.1        Multicarrier DS-CDMA Scheme    p. 408

11.7.2        MT-CDMA Scheme    p. 410

11.7.3        System Features Comparison    p. 410

11.7.4        Detection Strategies Comparison    p. 412

11.8      BEP Comparison    p. 412

11.9      Conclusions    p. 418

      References    p. 418

      Appendix 11A    p. 420

Chapter 12    Antenna Diversity    p. 423

12.1      Introduction    p. 423

12.2      Antenna    p. 423

12.2.1        BS Antennas    p. 424

12.2.2        Antennas for Portables    p. 424

12.3      Diversity and Combining Techniques    p. 425

12.3.1        Diversity Techniques    p. 425

12.3.2        Combining Techniques    p. 426

12.4      Diversity in a Frequency Nonselective Fading Channel    p. 431

12.4.1        Switched Diversity and Selection Diversity Output Signals    p. 431

12.4.2        Two-Branch Diversity    p. 433

12.4.3        Multiple Branch Diversity    p. 454

12.5      Conclusions    p. 457

      References    p. 458

Chapter 13    Millimeter-Wave Communications    p. 461

13.1      Introduction    p. 461

13.2      Frequency Nonselective Channel    p. 464

13.2.1        Received Power Versus Distance    p. 465

13.2.2        Outage Probability    p. 466

13.2.3        Fade Duration    p. 468

13.2.4        Discussion    p. 472

13.3      Frequency Selective Channel    p. 472

13.3.1        BEP Calculations    p. 474

13.3.2        Influence of T[subscript RMS] on BEP    p. 477

13.3.3        Comparison of PDP Types    p. 478

13.4      Conclusions    p. 480

      References    p. 481

Chapter 14    Dynamic Channel Assignment and DECT    p. 485

14.1      Introduction    p. 485

14.2      Channel Assignment    p. 486

14.2.1        The Cellular Concept    p. 486

14.2.2        Channel Allocation Schemes    p. 487

14.2.3        DECT as a DCA-Based Mobile Radio System    p. 497

14.2.4        The Influence of Delay in Channel Assignment Algorithms    p. 502

14.3      Simulation Results    p. 504

14.3.1        Channel Scanning Method    p. 506

14.3.2        Number of Free Channels at Setup    p. 507

14.3.3        The Effect of Delay    p. 508

14.3.4        Handovers    p. 512

14.4      Conclusions    p. 515

      References    p. 516

Chapter 15    Air Interface Multiple Access Schemes for FPLMTS/IMT-2000/UMTS    p. 517

15.1      Introduction    p. 517

15.1.1        Spectrum Issues    p. 522

15.2      CDMA-Based Schemes    p. 523

15.2.1        Carrier Spacing and Chip Rate    p. 525

15.2.2        Modulation and Detection    p. 525

15.2.3        Spreading and Scrambling Codes    p. 526

15.2.4        Multirate    p. 527

15.2.5        Power Control    p. 528

15.2.6        Handover    p. 529

15.2.7        Interfrequency Handover    p. 529

15.2.8        Multiuser Detection and Other Interference Reduction Methods    p. 530

15.2.9        Packet Data    p. 530

15.3      TDMA-Based Schemes    p. 531

15.3.1        Modulation    p. 531

15.3.2        Carrier Spacing and Symbol Rate    p. 532

15.3.3        Burst and Frame Structures    p. 532

15.3.4        Training Sequence Design    p. 533

15.3.5        Radio Resource Management    p. 535

15.4      Hybrid CDMA/TDMA    p. 535

15.5      OFDM-Based Schemes    p. 536

15.5.1        Bandwidth    p. 536

15.5.2        Frame Design    p. 537

15.5.3        Coding, Interleaving, and Frequency Hopping    p. 537

15.5.4        Handover    p. 538

15.5.5        Uplink Synchronization    p. 538

15.5.6        Power Control    p. 538

15.5.7        DCA    p. 538

15.6      TDD    p. 538

15.7      Conclusions    p. 541

      References    p. 541

Chapter 16    WBMC    p. 547

16.1      Introduction    p. 547

16.2      Standardization and Frequency Bands    p. 549

16.3      The Need for High Data Rates    p. 549

16.4      Services and Applications    p. 550

16.5      Antennas and Batteries    p. 553

16.6      Safety Considerations    p. 555

16.7      ATM-Based Wireless (Mobile) Broadband Multimedia Systems    p. 557

16.7.1        Fragments    p. 559

16.8      Conclusions    p. 562

      References    p. 563

Chapter 17    OFDM-Based Wireless ATM Transmission System    p. 567

17.1      Introduction    p. 567

17.2      System Configuration    p. 568

17.2.1        Transmitter Configuration    p. 568

17.2.2        Receiver Configuration    p. 570

17.3      Numerical Results    p. 576

17.4      Conclusions    p. 581

      References    p. 581

Chapter 18    SATCOM    p. 583

18.1      Introduction    p. 583

18.1.1        Potential Benefits of ATM Over SATCOM    p. 584

18.1.2        Key Issues With Respect to the Operation of ATM Over SATCOM    p. 586

18.1.3        Understanding the Traffic Profile and Its Relationship to ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 587

18.2      Conceptual Analysis of Broadband Networking Via IP/ATM Over EHF SATCOM Using CDMA    p. 590

18.2.1        The ATM-SATCOM Protocol Stack    p. 592

18.2.2        CDMA for ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 593

18.2.3        Capacity as a Function of the User Service Distribution    p. 596

18.3      Error Correction and Control for ATM-SATCOM Links    p. 604

18.3.1        Performance of TCP/IP Over ATM-SATCOM and Importance of Error Control and Correction    p. 604

18.3.2        A Concept for Error Control and Correction Tailored to Service Class    p. 607

18.3.3        A CPCS-Based Truncated SRQ Protocol for AAL 5    p. 608

18.3.4        FEC Options for ATM Over SATCOM    p. 613

18.4      SATCOM Efficiency    p. 620

18.5      Conclusions    p. 622

      References    p. 623

    About the Author    p. 625

    Index    p. 627

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Universal wireless personal communications

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