GLACIERS AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTS IN CHINA
出版时间:
2009-01
版次:
1
ISBN:
9787030175809
定价:
500.00
装帧:
精装
开本:
16开
纸张:
铜版纸
页数:
539页
正文语种:
英语
3人买过
-
However,duetolanguagedifferencebetweenChinaandthewesterncountries,theprogressofglaciologyinChina,ofwhichmostaccountshavebeenpublishedinChinese,isdifficultforwesternscientiststoappreciate.Therefore,wedecidedtopublishanEnglisheditionbasedonGlaciersandTheirEnvironmentsinChina——thePresent,PastandFuture(inChinese),asyouseehere,namedGlaciersandRelatedEnvironmentsinChina,whichinfactisanoptimizedversion,withnewresearchdatatill2005andarevisedstructure.Itisourhope,throughpublishingthismonograph,toenableforeignscientiststounderstandsystematicallythecurrentsituationandhistoricalprogressofglacierresearchandotherrelevantenvironmentalstudieswithintheChineseterritory,soastopromotemorecooperationwithforeignglaciologists,whoalsosharethewishtodevelopfurtherthefieldandtofaceeffectivelythewidespreadconcernsasglobalwarming,watercyclechanges,glaciershrinkinganddeterioratingenvironments. FOREWORDⅠ
FOREWORDⅡ
PREFACE
CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION
1.1CLACIERS,CRYOSPHEREANDGLACIOLOGY
1.2DEVELOPMENTOFGLACIOLOGYINCHINA
1.2.1PreliminaryDevelopmentduring1958-1977
1.2.2RelativelySteadyDevelopmentofGlaciologicalResearchsince1978
1.3SOCIALSIC-NIFICANCEOFGLACIOLOGICALRESEARCH
1.3.1ApplicationstoStudiesofWaterandTourismResourcesandTheirRationalUtilization
1.3.2EffectiveMitigationofGlacierandSnow-InducedDisasters
1.3.3ValuableInformationSourcesofClimateandEnvironment
1.3.4InspiringFutureGenerations
REFERENCES
CHAPTER2GLACIERSANDTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONINCHINA
2.1CONDITIONSFORGILACIERDEVELOPMENT
2.1.1MountainsandGlacierDevelopmentinWestChina
2.1.2ClimaticConditionsofGlacierDevelopment
2.2MAINRESULTSOFTHEGLACIERINVENTORYOFCHINA
2.2.1TheGlacierInventoryofChina
2.2.2GlacierVolume
2.2.3DistributionofGlaciersbyProvince(Region)
2.2.4DistributionofGlaciersbyMountainSystem
2.2.5DistributionofGlaciersbySlopeOrientation
2.2.6DistributionofGlaciersbyWaterI)rainageSystem
2.3GLACIERTYPESANDTHEIRREGIONALDISTRIBUTION
2.3.1C1ass;float;oninTermsofGeophysicalProperties
2.3.2Classil.icationinTermsofMorphologyandDistributionCharacteristicsofMorphologicalTypes
2.3.3RelationbetweenGlacierMorphologicalTypeandGlacierSize
2.4SNOWLINEAI,TITUDEANDITSSPATIALDISTRIBUTION
2.4.1MethodtoDeterminetheSnowLineAltitude
2.4.2SpatialDistributionoftheSnowLineAltitudeandItsDependentFactors
2.4.3AccumulationAreaRatioofGlaciersandtheFactorsonWhichItDepends
2.5GLACIERSLOCATEDINSOMEREPRESENTATIVEREGIONSANDTHEIRFEATURES
2.5.1TheAltayMountains
2.5.2TheTianshanMountains
2.5.3TheQilianMountains
2.5.4ThePamirs
2.5.5TheKarakorumMountains
2.5.6TheKunlunMountains
2.5.7TheQangtangPlateau,EspeciallythePurogKangriIceField
2.5.8TheEastSectionoftheNyainqentanglhaRange
2.5.9TheMountGonggaandMountYulongoftheHengduanMountains"
2.5.10TheMiddleSectionoftheHimalayas
REFERENCES
CHAPTER3PHYSICSOFGLACIERS
3.1DISTRIBUTIONOFTEMPERATUREINGLACIERS
3.1.1Introduction
3.1.2HeatTransferintheNearSurfaceLayer
3.1.3HeatConductionattheGlacierBase
3.1.4HeatTransferwithinaGlacier
3.1.5Two-DimensionalTemperatureDistribution
3.1.6TemperateGlaciers
3.1.7TypesofGlacierTemperatureDistribution
3.2ICEFORMATION
3.2.1TheTransformationofSnowtoIce
3.2.2GlacialZonation
3.2.3GlacialZonesintheMainGlacierizedAreas
3.3ICETEXTURES
3.3.1TheHistory
3.3.2CrystalSize
3.3.3cAxisOrientation
3.3.4TheFeaturesofIceTexturesinChina
3.4MECHANISMSOFGLACIERMOTION
3.4.1ABriefView
3.4.2DeformationofIce
3.4.3BasalSlidingandDeformationoftheBed
3.4.4HydraulicEffectsattheGlacierBed
3.4.5ASummaryofMotionMechanismsofGlaciersinChina
REFERENCES
CHAPTER4MASSANDENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
4.1FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSANDMEASUREMENTMETHODSOFMASSBALANCE
4.1.1FundamentalConcepts
4.1.2SignificanceofMassBalanceStudy
4.1.3MethodsofMeasurementandCalculation
4.2MASSBALANCEMEASUREMENTSINCHINA
4.2.1CurrentSituationofMassBalanceMeasurements
4.2.2ThePrimaryMeasuredResults
4.3CHARACTERISTICSOFMASSBALANCEOFGLACIERSINCHINA
4.3.1TemporalProcessesandtheCharacteristicsofMassBalance
4.3.2RelationsbetweenMassBalance,ELAandMeteorologicalVariables
4.4METHODSOFMASSBALANCEESTIMATION
4.4.1ForASingleGlacier
4.4.2ForaDrainageBasin
4.5CHARACTERISTICSOFENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
4.5.1TheHeatComponentsforGlacierDevelopment
4.5.2SpecialClimateFactorsonGlaciers
4.5.3FeaturesofHeatBalanceataGlacierSurface
4.6CASESTUDIESOFHEATBALANCE
4.6.1IntheGlacierU-1
4.6.2IntheDongkemadiGlacier
4.6.3IntheChongceIceCap
4.7STUDIESBYMODELING
4.7.1GlacierStateModel
4.7.2GlacierProcessModel
REFERENCES
CHAPTER5SNOWANDICECHEMISTRYANDITSENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
5.1WHATISSNOWANDICECHEMISTRY?
5.1.1ThePrincipalAspectsofSnowandIceChemistryandApproachestoResearch
5.1.2AnOverviewofDevelopingTrendsintheStudyofSnowandIceChemistry
5.2THEMAJORANIONSANDCATIONSINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
5.2.1TheSignificantDifferenceoftheAtmosphericEnvironmentintheSouthandNorthPartsoftheTibetanPlateau
5.2.2TheEnvironmentalSignificancesofVariousChemicalIons
5.2.3ComparisonwithSnowandIceChemistryinPolarRegions
5.3THEINSOLUBLEMICROPARTICLESINSNOWANDICE
5.3.1TheClimaticandEnvironmentalSignificancesoftheInsolubleMicroparticlesinIceCores
5.3.2TheDistributionCharacteristicsofInsolubleMicroparticlesinShallowIceCoresontheTibetanPlateau
5.3.3AtmosphericProcessesInfluencingtheDustinGlaciersbeforeDeposition
5.4STABLEOXYGENISOTOPESINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRCLIMATICSIGNIFICANCE
5.4.1Relationshipbetweenδ18OandTemperatureinObservationsthroughtheYear
5.4.2SeasonalVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
5.4.3SpatialVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
5.5MECHANISMOFICECORERECORDFORMATION
5.5.1Air-SnowExchangeProcesses
5.5.2ThePost-DepositionProcessElutionofIonsinSnowandIce
5.6ORGANICMATTERANDMICROBESINSNOWANDICE
5.6.1PreliminaryResearchonOrganicAcidsinSnowandIce
5.6.2TheMicro-organismsinSnowandIce
5.6.3TheClimaticandEnvironmentalImplicationsofOrganicMatterinSnowandIce
REFERENCES
CHAPTER6SNOWCOVERDISTRIBUTION,VARIABILITY,ANDRESPONSETOCLIMATECHANGEINCHINA
6.1ENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCEANDMONITORINGOFSNOWCOVER
6.1.1SnowCoverandItsEnvironmentalImpacts
6.1.2SnowCoverMonitoring
6.2DISTRIBUTIONOFSNOWCOVER
6.2.1DistributionofAnnualNumberofSnowCoverDaysandSnowCoverClasses
6.2.2SpatialPatternofSnowDepthDistribution
6.2.3AnnualCycleofSnowCover
6.3INTERANNUALVARIABILITYOFSNOWCOVER
6.3.1BriefReviewofCurrentKnowledgeandGapsofGlobalSnowCoverVariability
CHAPTER7GLACLALRUNOFFANDITSMODELING
CHAPTER8SNOWANDICEHAZARDSANDTHEIRCONTROLMEASURES
CHAPTER9CLIMATEANDENVIRONMENTCHANGESDERIVEDFROMICECORERECORDS
CHAPTER10QUATERNARYGLACLATIONSGLACIALANDINTERGLACIALCYCLESANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGES
CHAPTER11IMPACTOFGLOBALWARMINGONGLACIERSANDRELATEDWATERRESOURCESINCHINA
INDEX
PLATES
PHOTOGRAPHS
-
内容简介:
However,duetolanguagedifferencebetweenChinaandthewesterncountries,theprogressofglaciologyinChina,ofwhichmostaccountshavebeenpublishedinChinese,isdifficultforwesternscientiststoappreciate.Therefore,wedecidedtopublishanEnglisheditionbasedonGlaciersandTheirEnvironmentsinChina——thePresent,PastandFuture(inChinese),asyouseehere,namedGlaciersandRelatedEnvironmentsinChina,whichinfactisanoptimizedversion,withnewresearchdatatill2005andarevisedstructure.Itisourhope,throughpublishingthismonograph,toenableforeignscientiststounderstandsystematicallythecurrentsituationandhistoricalprogressofglacierresearchandotherrelevantenvironmentalstudieswithintheChineseterritory,soastopromotemorecooperationwithforeignglaciologists,whoalsosharethewishtodevelopfurtherthefieldandtofaceeffectivelythewidespreadconcernsasglobalwarming,watercyclechanges,glaciershrinkinganddeterioratingenvironments.
-
目录:
FOREWORDⅠ
FOREWORDⅡ
PREFACE
CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION
1.1CLACIERS,CRYOSPHEREANDGLACIOLOGY
1.2DEVELOPMENTOFGLACIOLOGYINCHINA
1.2.1PreliminaryDevelopmentduring1958-1977
1.2.2RelativelySteadyDevelopmentofGlaciologicalResearchsince1978
1.3SOCIALSIC-NIFICANCEOFGLACIOLOGICALRESEARCH
1.3.1ApplicationstoStudiesofWaterandTourismResourcesandTheirRationalUtilization
1.3.2EffectiveMitigationofGlacierandSnow-InducedDisasters
1.3.3ValuableInformationSourcesofClimateandEnvironment
1.3.4InspiringFutureGenerations
REFERENCES
CHAPTER2GLACIERSANDTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONINCHINA
2.1CONDITIONSFORGILACIERDEVELOPMENT
2.1.1MountainsandGlacierDevelopmentinWestChina
2.1.2ClimaticConditionsofGlacierDevelopment
2.2MAINRESULTSOFTHEGLACIERINVENTORYOFCHINA
2.2.1TheGlacierInventoryofChina
2.2.2GlacierVolume
2.2.3DistributionofGlaciersbyProvince(Region)
2.2.4DistributionofGlaciersbyMountainSystem
2.2.5DistributionofGlaciersbySlopeOrientation
2.2.6DistributionofGlaciersbyWaterI)rainageSystem
2.3GLACIERTYPESANDTHEIRREGIONALDISTRIBUTION
2.3.1C1ass;float;oninTermsofGeophysicalProperties
2.3.2Classil.icationinTermsofMorphologyandDistributionCharacteristicsofMorphologicalTypes
2.3.3RelationbetweenGlacierMorphologicalTypeandGlacierSize
2.4SNOWLINEAI,TITUDEANDITSSPATIALDISTRIBUTION
2.4.1MethodtoDeterminetheSnowLineAltitude
2.4.2SpatialDistributionoftheSnowLineAltitudeandItsDependentFactors
2.4.3AccumulationAreaRatioofGlaciersandtheFactorsonWhichItDepends
2.5GLACIERSLOCATEDINSOMEREPRESENTATIVEREGIONSANDTHEIRFEATURES
2.5.1TheAltayMountains
2.5.2TheTianshanMountains
2.5.3TheQilianMountains
2.5.4ThePamirs
2.5.5TheKarakorumMountains
2.5.6TheKunlunMountains
2.5.7TheQangtangPlateau,EspeciallythePurogKangriIceField
2.5.8TheEastSectionoftheNyainqentanglhaRange
2.5.9TheMountGonggaandMountYulongoftheHengduanMountains"
2.5.10TheMiddleSectionoftheHimalayas
REFERENCES
CHAPTER3PHYSICSOFGLACIERS
3.1DISTRIBUTIONOFTEMPERATUREINGLACIERS
3.1.1Introduction
3.1.2HeatTransferintheNearSurfaceLayer
3.1.3HeatConductionattheGlacierBase
3.1.4HeatTransferwithinaGlacier
3.1.5Two-DimensionalTemperatureDistribution
3.1.6TemperateGlaciers
3.1.7TypesofGlacierTemperatureDistribution
3.2ICEFORMATION
3.2.1TheTransformationofSnowtoIce
3.2.2GlacialZonation
3.2.3GlacialZonesintheMainGlacierizedAreas
3.3ICETEXTURES
3.3.1TheHistory
3.3.2CrystalSize
3.3.3cAxisOrientation
3.3.4TheFeaturesofIceTexturesinChina
3.4MECHANISMSOFGLACIERMOTION
3.4.1ABriefView
3.4.2DeformationofIce
3.4.3BasalSlidingandDeformationoftheBed
3.4.4HydraulicEffectsattheGlacierBed
3.4.5ASummaryofMotionMechanismsofGlaciersinChina
REFERENCES
CHAPTER4MASSANDENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
4.1FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSANDMEASUREMENTMETHODSOFMASSBALANCE
4.1.1FundamentalConcepts
4.1.2SignificanceofMassBalanceStudy
4.1.3MethodsofMeasurementandCalculation
4.2MASSBALANCEMEASUREMENTSINCHINA
4.2.1CurrentSituationofMassBalanceMeasurements
4.2.2ThePrimaryMeasuredResults
4.3CHARACTERISTICSOFMASSBALANCEOFGLACIERSINCHINA
4.3.1TemporalProcessesandtheCharacteristicsofMassBalance
4.3.2RelationsbetweenMassBalance,ELAandMeteorologicalVariables
4.4METHODSOFMASSBALANCEESTIMATION
4.4.1ForASingleGlacier
4.4.2ForaDrainageBasin
4.5CHARACTERISTICSOFENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
4.5.1TheHeatComponentsforGlacierDevelopment
4.5.2SpecialClimateFactorsonGlaciers
4.5.3FeaturesofHeatBalanceataGlacierSurface
4.6CASESTUDIESOFHEATBALANCE
4.6.1IntheGlacierU-1
4.6.2IntheDongkemadiGlacier
4.6.3IntheChongceIceCap
4.7STUDIESBYMODELING
4.7.1GlacierStateModel
4.7.2GlacierProcessModel
REFERENCES
CHAPTER5SNOWANDICECHEMISTRYANDITSENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
5.1WHATISSNOWANDICECHEMISTRY?
5.1.1ThePrincipalAspectsofSnowandIceChemistryandApproachestoResearch
5.1.2AnOverviewofDevelopingTrendsintheStudyofSnowandIceChemistry
5.2THEMAJORANIONSANDCATIONSINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
5.2.1TheSignificantDifferenceoftheAtmosphericEnvironmentintheSouthandNorthPartsoftheTibetanPlateau
5.2.2TheEnvironmentalSignificancesofVariousChemicalIons
5.2.3ComparisonwithSnowandIceChemistryinPolarRegions
5.3THEINSOLUBLEMICROPARTICLESINSNOWANDICE
5.3.1TheClimaticandEnvironmentalSignificancesoftheInsolubleMicroparticlesinIceCores
5.3.2TheDistributionCharacteristicsofInsolubleMicroparticlesinShallowIceCoresontheTibetanPlateau
5.3.3AtmosphericProcessesInfluencingtheDustinGlaciersbeforeDeposition
5.4STABLEOXYGENISOTOPESINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRCLIMATICSIGNIFICANCE
5.4.1Relationshipbetweenδ18OandTemperatureinObservationsthroughtheYear
5.4.2SeasonalVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
5.4.3SpatialVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
5.5MECHANISMOFICECORERECORDFORMATION
5.5.1Air-SnowExchangeProcesses
5.5.2ThePost-DepositionProcessElutionofIonsinSnowandIce
5.6ORGANICMATTERANDMICROBESINSNOWANDICE
5.6.1PreliminaryResearchonOrganicAcidsinSnowandIce
5.6.2TheMicro-organismsinSnowandIce
5.6.3TheClimaticandEnvironmentalImplicationsofOrganicMatterinSnowandIce
REFERENCES
CHAPTER6SNOWCOVERDISTRIBUTION,VARIABILITY,ANDRESPONSETOCLIMATECHANGEINCHINA
6.1ENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCEANDMONITORINGOFSNOWCOVER
6.1.1SnowCoverandItsEnvironmentalImpacts
6.1.2SnowCoverMonitoring
6.2DISTRIBUTIONOFSNOWCOVER
6.2.1DistributionofAnnualNumberofSnowCoverDaysandSnowCoverClasses
6.2.2SpatialPatternofSnowDepthDistribution
6.2.3AnnualCycleofSnowCover
6.3INTERANNUALVARIABILITYOFSNOWCOVER
6.3.1BriefReviewofCurrentKnowledgeandGapsofGlobalSnowCoverVariability
CHAPTER7GLACLALRUNOFFANDITSMODELING
CHAPTER8SNOWANDICEHAZARDSANDTHEIRCONTROLMEASURES
CHAPTER9CLIMATEANDENVIRONMENTCHANGESDERIVEDFROMICECORERECORDS
CHAPTER10QUATERNARYGLACLATIONSGLACIALANDINTERGLACIALCYCLESANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGES
CHAPTER11IMPACTOFGLOBALWARMINGONGLACIERSANDRELATEDWATERRESOURCESINCHINA
INDEX
PLATES
PHOTOGRAPHS
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