GLACIERS AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTS IN CHINA

GLACIERS AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTS IN CHINA
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作者:
出版社: 科学出版社
2009-01
版次: 1
ISBN: 9787030175809
定价: 500.00
装帧: 精装
开本: 16开
纸张: 铜版纸
页数: 539页
正文语种: 英语
分类: 自然科学
3人买过
  • However,duetolanguagedifferencebetweenChinaandthewesterncountries,theprogressofglaciologyinChina,ofwhichmostaccountshavebeenpublishedinChinese,isdifficultforwesternscientiststoappreciate.Therefore,wedecidedtopublishanEnglisheditionbasedonGlaciersandTheirEnvironmentsinChina——thePresent,PastandFuture(inChinese),asyouseehere,namedGlaciersandRelatedEnvironmentsinChina,whichinfactisanoptimizedversion,withnewresearchdatatill2005andarevisedstructure.Itisourhope,throughpublishingthismonograph,toenableforeignscientiststounderstandsystematicallythecurrentsituationandhistoricalprogressofglacierresearchandotherrelevantenvironmentalstudieswithintheChineseterritory,soastopromotemorecooperationwithforeignglaciologists,whoalsosharethewishtodevelopfurtherthefieldandtofaceeffectivelythewidespreadconcernsasglobalwarming,watercyclechanges,glaciershrinkinganddeterioratingenvironments. FOREWORDⅠ
    FOREWORDⅡ
    PREFACE
    CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION
    1.1CLACIERS,CRYOSPHEREANDGLACIOLOGY
    1.2DEVELOPMENTOFGLACIOLOGYINCHINA
    1.2.1PreliminaryDevelopmentduring1958-1977
    1.2.2RelativelySteadyDevelopmentofGlaciologicalResearchsince1978
    1.3SOCIALSIC-NIFICANCEOFGLACIOLOGICALRESEARCH
    1.3.1ApplicationstoStudiesofWaterandTourismResourcesandTheirRationalUtilization
    1.3.2EffectiveMitigationofGlacierandSnow-InducedDisasters
    1.3.3ValuableInformationSourcesofClimateandEnvironment
    1.3.4InspiringFutureGenerations
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER2GLACIERSANDTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONINCHINA
    2.1CONDITIONSFORGILACIERDEVELOPMENT
    2.1.1MountainsandGlacierDevelopmentinWestChina
    2.1.2ClimaticConditionsofGlacierDevelopment
    2.2MAINRESULTSOFTHEGLACIERINVENTORYOFCHINA
    2.2.1TheGlacierInventoryofChina
    2.2.2GlacierVolume
    2.2.3DistributionofGlaciersbyProvince(Region)
    2.2.4DistributionofGlaciersbyMountainSystem
    2.2.5DistributionofGlaciersbySlopeOrientation
    2.2.6DistributionofGlaciersbyWaterI)rainageSystem
    2.3GLACIERTYPESANDTHEIRREGIONALDISTRIBUTION
    2.3.1C1ass;float;oninTermsofGeophysicalProperties
    2.3.2Classil.icationinTermsofMorphologyandDistributionCharacteristicsofMorphologicalTypes
    2.3.3RelationbetweenGlacierMorphologicalTypeandGlacierSize
    2.4SNOWLINEAI,TITUDEANDITSSPATIALDISTRIBUTION
    2.4.1MethodtoDeterminetheSnowLineAltitude
    2.4.2SpatialDistributionoftheSnowLineAltitudeandItsDependentFactors
    2.4.3AccumulationAreaRatioofGlaciersandtheFactorsonWhichItDepends
    2.5GLACIERSLOCATEDINSOMEREPRESENTATIVEREGIONSANDTHEIRFEATURES
    2.5.1TheAltayMountains
    2.5.2TheTianshanMountains
    2.5.3TheQilianMountains
    2.5.4ThePamirs
    2.5.5TheKarakorumMountains
    2.5.6TheKunlunMountains
    2.5.7TheQangtangPlateau,EspeciallythePurogKangriIceField
    2.5.8TheEastSectionoftheNyainqentanglhaRange
    2.5.9TheMountGonggaandMountYulongoftheHengduanMountains"
    2.5.10TheMiddleSectionoftheHimalayas
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER3PHYSICSOFGLACIERS
    3.1DISTRIBUTIONOFTEMPERATUREINGLACIERS
    3.1.1Introduction
    3.1.2HeatTransferintheNearSurfaceLayer
    3.1.3HeatConductionattheGlacierBase
    3.1.4HeatTransferwithinaGlacier
    3.1.5Two-DimensionalTemperatureDistribution
    3.1.6TemperateGlaciers
    3.1.7TypesofGlacierTemperatureDistribution
    3.2ICEFORMATION
    3.2.1TheTransformationofSnowtoIce
    3.2.2GlacialZonation
    3.2.3GlacialZonesintheMainGlacierizedAreas
    3.3ICETEXTURES
    3.3.1TheHistory
    3.3.2CrystalSize
    3.3.3cAxisOrientation
    3.3.4TheFeaturesofIceTexturesinChina
    3.4MECHANISMSOFGLACIERMOTION
    3.4.1ABriefView
    3.4.2DeformationofIce
    3.4.3BasalSlidingandDeformationoftheBed
    3.4.4HydraulicEffectsattheGlacierBed
    3.4.5ASummaryofMotionMechanismsofGlaciersinChina
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER4MASSANDENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
    4.1FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSANDMEASUREMENTMETHODSOFMASSBALANCE
    4.1.1FundamentalConcepts
    4.1.2SignificanceofMassBalanceStudy
    4.1.3MethodsofMeasurementandCalculation
    4.2MASSBALANCEMEASUREMENTSINCHINA
    4.2.1CurrentSituationofMassBalanceMeasurements
    4.2.2ThePrimaryMeasuredResults
    4.3CHARACTERISTICSOFMASSBALANCEOFGLACIERSINCHINA
    4.3.1TemporalProcessesandtheCharacteristicsofMassBalance
    4.3.2RelationsbetweenMassBalance,ELAandMeteorologicalVariables
    4.4METHODSOFMASSBALANCEESTIMATION
    4.4.1ForASingleGlacier
    4.4.2ForaDrainageBasin
    4.5CHARACTERISTICSOFENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
    4.5.1TheHeatComponentsforGlacierDevelopment
    4.5.2SpecialClimateFactorsonGlaciers
    4.5.3FeaturesofHeatBalanceataGlacierSurface
    4.6CASESTUDIESOFHEATBALANCE
    4.6.1IntheGlacierU-1
    4.6.2IntheDongkemadiGlacier
    4.6.3IntheChongceIceCap
    4.7STUDIESBYMODELING
    4.7.1GlacierStateModel
    4.7.2GlacierProcessModel
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER5SNOWANDICECHEMISTRYANDITSENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
    5.1WHATISSNOWANDICECHEMISTRY?
    5.1.1ThePrincipalAspectsofSnowandIceChemistryandApproachestoResearch
    5.1.2AnOverviewofDevelopingTrendsintheStudyofSnowandIceChemistry
    5.2THEMAJORANIONSANDCATIONSINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
    5.2.1TheSignificantDifferenceoftheAtmosphericEnvironmentintheSouthandNorthPartsoftheTibetanPlateau
    5.2.2TheEnvironmentalSignificancesofVariousChemicalIons
    5.2.3ComparisonwithSnowandIceChemistryinPolarRegions
    5.3THEINSOLUBLEMICROPARTICLESINSNOWANDICE
    5.3.1TheClimaticandEnvironmentalSignificancesoftheInsolubleMicroparticlesinIceCores
    5.3.2TheDistributionCharacteristicsofInsolubleMicroparticlesinShallowIceCoresontheTibetanPlateau
    5.3.3AtmosphericProcessesInfluencingtheDustinGlaciersbeforeDeposition
    5.4STABLEOXYGENISOTOPESINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRCLIMATICSIGNIFICANCE
    5.4.1Relationshipbetweenδ18OandTemperatureinObservationsthroughtheYear
    5.4.2SeasonalVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
    5.4.3SpatialVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
    5.5MECHANISMOFICECORERECORDFORMATION
    5.5.1Air-SnowExchangeProcesses
    5.5.2ThePost-DepositionProcessElutionofIonsinSnowandIce
    5.6ORGANICMATTERANDMICROBESINSNOWANDICE
    5.6.1PreliminaryResearchonOrganicAcidsinSnowandIce
    5.6.2TheMicro-organismsinSnowandIce
    5.6.3TheClimaticandEnvironmentalImplicationsofOrganicMatterinSnowandIce
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER6SNOWCOVERDISTRIBUTION,VARIABILITY,ANDRESPONSETOCLIMATECHANGEINCHINA
    6.1ENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCEANDMONITORINGOFSNOWCOVER
    6.1.1SnowCoverandItsEnvironmentalImpacts
    6.1.2SnowCoverMonitoring
    6.2DISTRIBUTIONOFSNOWCOVER
    6.2.1DistributionofAnnualNumberofSnowCoverDaysandSnowCoverClasses
    6.2.2SpatialPatternofSnowDepthDistribution
    6.2.3AnnualCycleofSnowCover
    6.3INTERANNUALVARIABILITYOFSNOWCOVER
    6.3.1BriefReviewofCurrentKnowledgeandGapsofGlobalSnowCoverVariability

    CHAPTER7GLACLALRUNOFFANDITSMODELING
    CHAPTER8SNOWANDICEHAZARDSANDTHEIRCONTROLMEASURES
    CHAPTER9CLIMATEANDENVIRONMENTCHANGESDERIVEDFROMICECORERECORDS
    CHAPTER10QUATERNARYGLACLATIONSGLACIALANDINTERGLACIALCYCLESANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGES
    CHAPTER11IMPACTOFGLOBALWARMINGONGLACIERSANDRELATEDWATERRESOURCESINCHINA
    INDEX
    PLATES
    PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 内容简介:
    However,duetolanguagedifferencebetweenChinaandthewesterncountries,theprogressofglaciologyinChina,ofwhichmostaccountshavebeenpublishedinChinese,isdifficultforwesternscientiststoappreciate.Therefore,wedecidedtopublishanEnglisheditionbasedonGlaciersandTheirEnvironmentsinChina——thePresent,PastandFuture(inChinese),asyouseehere,namedGlaciersandRelatedEnvironmentsinChina,whichinfactisanoptimizedversion,withnewresearchdatatill2005andarevisedstructure.Itisourhope,throughpublishingthismonograph,toenableforeignscientiststounderstandsystematicallythecurrentsituationandhistoricalprogressofglacierresearchandotherrelevantenvironmentalstudieswithintheChineseterritory,soastopromotemorecooperationwithforeignglaciologists,whoalsosharethewishtodevelopfurtherthefieldandtofaceeffectivelythewidespreadconcernsasglobalwarming,watercyclechanges,glaciershrinkinganddeterioratingenvironments.
  • 目录:
    FOREWORDⅠ
    FOREWORDⅡ
    PREFACE
    CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION
    1.1CLACIERS,CRYOSPHEREANDGLACIOLOGY
    1.2DEVELOPMENTOFGLACIOLOGYINCHINA
    1.2.1PreliminaryDevelopmentduring1958-1977
    1.2.2RelativelySteadyDevelopmentofGlaciologicalResearchsince1978
    1.3SOCIALSIC-NIFICANCEOFGLACIOLOGICALRESEARCH
    1.3.1ApplicationstoStudiesofWaterandTourismResourcesandTheirRationalUtilization
    1.3.2EffectiveMitigationofGlacierandSnow-InducedDisasters
    1.3.3ValuableInformationSourcesofClimateandEnvironment
    1.3.4InspiringFutureGenerations
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER2GLACIERSANDTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONINCHINA
    2.1CONDITIONSFORGILACIERDEVELOPMENT
    2.1.1MountainsandGlacierDevelopmentinWestChina
    2.1.2ClimaticConditionsofGlacierDevelopment
    2.2MAINRESULTSOFTHEGLACIERINVENTORYOFCHINA
    2.2.1TheGlacierInventoryofChina
    2.2.2GlacierVolume
    2.2.3DistributionofGlaciersbyProvince(Region)
    2.2.4DistributionofGlaciersbyMountainSystem
    2.2.5DistributionofGlaciersbySlopeOrientation
    2.2.6DistributionofGlaciersbyWaterI)rainageSystem
    2.3GLACIERTYPESANDTHEIRREGIONALDISTRIBUTION
    2.3.1C1ass;float;oninTermsofGeophysicalProperties
    2.3.2Classil.icationinTermsofMorphologyandDistributionCharacteristicsofMorphologicalTypes
    2.3.3RelationbetweenGlacierMorphologicalTypeandGlacierSize
    2.4SNOWLINEAI,TITUDEANDITSSPATIALDISTRIBUTION
    2.4.1MethodtoDeterminetheSnowLineAltitude
    2.4.2SpatialDistributionoftheSnowLineAltitudeandItsDependentFactors
    2.4.3AccumulationAreaRatioofGlaciersandtheFactorsonWhichItDepends
    2.5GLACIERSLOCATEDINSOMEREPRESENTATIVEREGIONSANDTHEIRFEATURES
    2.5.1TheAltayMountains
    2.5.2TheTianshanMountains
    2.5.3TheQilianMountains
    2.5.4ThePamirs
    2.5.5TheKarakorumMountains
    2.5.6TheKunlunMountains
    2.5.7TheQangtangPlateau,EspeciallythePurogKangriIceField
    2.5.8TheEastSectionoftheNyainqentanglhaRange
    2.5.9TheMountGonggaandMountYulongoftheHengduanMountains"
    2.5.10TheMiddleSectionoftheHimalayas
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER3PHYSICSOFGLACIERS
    3.1DISTRIBUTIONOFTEMPERATUREINGLACIERS
    3.1.1Introduction
    3.1.2HeatTransferintheNearSurfaceLayer
    3.1.3HeatConductionattheGlacierBase
    3.1.4HeatTransferwithinaGlacier
    3.1.5Two-DimensionalTemperatureDistribution
    3.1.6TemperateGlaciers
    3.1.7TypesofGlacierTemperatureDistribution
    3.2ICEFORMATION
    3.2.1TheTransformationofSnowtoIce
    3.2.2GlacialZonation
    3.2.3GlacialZonesintheMainGlacierizedAreas
    3.3ICETEXTURES
    3.3.1TheHistory
    3.3.2CrystalSize
    3.3.3cAxisOrientation
    3.3.4TheFeaturesofIceTexturesinChina
    3.4MECHANISMSOFGLACIERMOTION
    3.4.1ABriefView
    3.4.2DeformationofIce
    3.4.3BasalSlidingandDeformationoftheBed
    3.4.4HydraulicEffectsattheGlacierBed
    3.4.5ASummaryofMotionMechanismsofGlaciersinChina
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER4MASSANDENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
    4.1FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSANDMEASUREMENTMETHODSOFMASSBALANCE
    4.1.1FundamentalConcepts
    4.1.2SignificanceofMassBalanceStudy
    4.1.3MethodsofMeasurementandCalculation
    4.2MASSBALANCEMEASUREMENTSINCHINA
    4.2.1CurrentSituationofMassBalanceMeasurements
    4.2.2ThePrimaryMeasuredResults
    4.3CHARACTERISTICSOFMASSBALANCEOFGLACIERSINCHINA
    4.3.1TemporalProcessesandtheCharacteristicsofMassBalance
    4.3.2RelationsbetweenMassBalance,ELAandMeteorologicalVariables
    4.4METHODSOFMASSBALANCEESTIMATION
    4.4.1ForASingleGlacier
    4.4.2ForaDrainageBasin
    4.5CHARACTERISTICSOFENERGYBALANCEOFGLACIERS
    4.5.1TheHeatComponentsforGlacierDevelopment
    4.5.2SpecialClimateFactorsonGlaciers
    4.5.3FeaturesofHeatBalanceataGlacierSurface
    4.6CASESTUDIESOFHEATBALANCE
    4.6.1IntheGlacierU-1
    4.6.2IntheDongkemadiGlacier
    4.6.3IntheChongceIceCap
    4.7STUDIESBYMODELING
    4.7.1GlacierStateModel
    4.7.2GlacierProcessModel
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER5SNOWANDICECHEMISTRYANDITSENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
    5.1WHATISSNOWANDICECHEMISTRY?
    5.1.1ThePrincipalAspectsofSnowandIceChemistryandApproachestoResearch
    5.1.2AnOverviewofDevelopingTrendsintheStudyofSnowandIceChemistry
    5.2THEMAJORANIONSANDCATIONSINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCE
    5.2.1TheSignificantDifferenceoftheAtmosphericEnvironmentintheSouthandNorthPartsoftheTibetanPlateau
    5.2.2TheEnvironmentalSignificancesofVariousChemicalIons
    5.2.3ComparisonwithSnowandIceChemistryinPolarRegions
    5.3THEINSOLUBLEMICROPARTICLESINSNOWANDICE
    5.3.1TheClimaticandEnvironmentalSignificancesoftheInsolubleMicroparticlesinIceCores
    5.3.2TheDistributionCharacteristicsofInsolubleMicroparticlesinShallowIceCoresontheTibetanPlateau
    5.3.3AtmosphericProcessesInfluencingtheDustinGlaciersbeforeDeposition
    5.4STABLEOXYGENISOTOPESINSNOWANDICEANDTHEIRCLIMATICSIGNIFICANCE
    5.4.1Relationshipbetweenδ18OandTemperatureinObservationsthroughtheYear
    5.4.2SeasonalVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
    5.4.3SpatialVariationsofδ18OValuesofPrecipitationontheTibetanPlateau
    5.5MECHANISMOFICECORERECORDFORMATION
    5.5.1Air-SnowExchangeProcesses
    5.5.2ThePost-DepositionProcessElutionofIonsinSnowandIce
    5.6ORGANICMATTERANDMICROBESINSNOWANDICE
    5.6.1PreliminaryResearchonOrganicAcidsinSnowandIce
    5.6.2TheMicro-organismsinSnowandIce
    5.6.3TheClimaticandEnvironmentalImplicationsofOrganicMatterinSnowandIce
    REFERENCES

    CHAPTER6SNOWCOVERDISTRIBUTION,VARIABILITY,ANDRESPONSETOCLIMATECHANGEINCHINA
    6.1ENVIRONMENTALSIGNIFICANCEANDMONITORINGOFSNOWCOVER
    6.1.1SnowCoverandItsEnvironmentalImpacts
    6.1.2SnowCoverMonitoring
    6.2DISTRIBUTIONOFSNOWCOVER
    6.2.1DistributionofAnnualNumberofSnowCoverDaysandSnowCoverClasses
    6.2.2SpatialPatternofSnowDepthDistribution
    6.2.3AnnualCycleofSnowCover
    6.3INTERANNUALVARIABILITYOFSNOWCOVER
    6.3.1BriefReviewofCurrentKnowledgeandGapsofGlobalSnowCoverVariability

    CHAPTER7GLACLALRUNOFFANDITSMODELING
    CHAPTER8SNOWANDICEHAZARDSANDTHEIRCONTROLMEASURES
    CHAPTER9CLIMATEANDENVIRONMENTCHANGESDERIVEDFROMICECORERECORDS
    CHAPTER10QUATERNARYGLACLATIONSGLACIALANDINTERGLACIALCYCLESANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGES
    CHAPTER11IMPACTOFGLOBALWARMINGONGLACIERSANDRELATEDWATERRESOURCESINCHINA
    INDEX
    PLATES
    PHOTOGRAPHS
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